2010
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015855107
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Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor promotes lung metastasis through mobilization of Ly6G+Ly6C+ granulocytes

Abstract: Priming of the organ-specific premetastatic sites is thought to be an important yet incompletely understood step during metastasis. In this study, we show that the metastatic tumors we examined overexpress granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which expands and mobilizes Ly6G+Ly6C+ granulocytes and facilitates their subsequent homing at distant organs even before the arrival of tumor cells. Moreover, G-CSF-mobilized Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells produce the Bv8 protein, which has been implicated in angiogenesis an… Show more

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Cited by 550 publications
(610 citation statements)
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“…While chronic inflammation may promote tumorigenesis [5,20], the tumor cells themselves also attract immune cells through the secretion of a wide range of chemokines such as IL-8 (CXCL8 in human/CXCL2 in mouse), CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL6 (huGCP-2), and KC (CXCL1), and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, GM-CSF, and G-CSF, thereby inducing inflammation [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Cytokines from tumors may regulate tumor growth or modify the anti-tumor immune responses [33][34][35][36].…”
Section: Niche-dependent Neutrophil Functionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…While chronic inflammation may promote tumorigenesis [5,20], the tumor cells themselves also attract immune cells through the secretion of a wide range of chemokines such as IL-8 (CXCL8 in human/CXCL2 in mouse), CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL6 (huGCP-2), and KC (CXCL1), and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, GM-CSF, and G-CSF, thereby inducing inflammation [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Cytokines from tumors may regulate tumor growth or modify the anti-tumor immune responses [33][34][35][36].…”
Section: Niche-dependent Neutrophil Functionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On the one hand, G-CSF is an essential cytokine for mobilization of neutrophils, and under certain conditions, activates them. On the other hand, G-CSF may polarize granulocytes to promote tumor growth and metastasis [26]. These seemingly conflicting roles played by both neutrophils and the tumor-derived chemokines, put forth the question of what determines the overall contribution of neutrophils to cancer?…”
Section: Neutrophil Activation In Cancermentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Clinical support for a role of neutrophils in chemotherapy response comes from observations in a variety of cancer patients, such as breast and non-small cell lung cancer patients, where chemotherapyinduced neutropenia is associated with better patient prognosis [46,47]. We and others have established a metastasis-promoting role for neutrophils in breast and melanoma models [48][49][50]. Therefore, targeting neutrophils or their mediators may synergize with chemotherapeutics to specifically decrease metastasis.…”
Section: Innate Immune Cellsmentioning
confidence: 97%