Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-producing esophageal carcinosarcoma: a case report

Abstract

An 80-year-old man presented at our hospital with chest oppression and vomiting. An endoscopic examination revealed a tumor in the lower portion of the esophagus, and the patient was diagnosed as possibly having esophageal carcinosarcoma based on a histological examination of endoscopic biopsy specimens. During the initial medical examination, the patient had a high leukocyte count and a high level of serum granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Moreover, immunohistochemical examination revealed cells that were positive for antibodies against G-CSF. Therefore, we diagnosed the patient as possibly having a G-CSF-producing esophageal carcinosarcoma. The patient died of tumor 4 months after the initial diagnosis.

Aggressive progression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor producing squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: case report and literature review

“…Some authors have previously reported G-CSF-producing carcinosarcoma of the esophagus [13][14][15]. However, to the best of our knowledge, only fi ve cases of G-CSF-producing esophageal SCC without a sarcoma component have been described in the English literature [8][9][10][11], including our present case ( Table 1).…”

Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus producing granulocyte-colony stimulating factor: report of a case

“…Most of these cases have been reports of lung cancer, and esophageal cancers producing G-CSF are quite rare. Esophageal carcinosarcomas with G-CSF production have been reported in only 11 cases, including the present case (Table 1) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. According to Asano et al, the diagnostic criteria for G-CSF-producing tumors include (1) marked leukocytosis, (2) high serum concentration of G-CSF, (3) normalization of leukocyte count after tumor resection, and (4) evidence of G-CSF production in tumor cells [5].…”

“…Early detection and treatment are important in curing G-CSF-producing tumors because there is no specifi c approach for treating esophageal carcinosarcoma with G-CSF production at the present time [18,19]. In addition, the treatment of patients with carcinomas that are able to produce G-CSF requires special care when it includes the management of G-CSF for bone marrow recovery after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy of cancers.…”

“…Since then, many cases with G-CSF-producing tumors in various organs such as the lung, liver, and stomach have been reported [5][6][7][8][9]. Although the number of reports describing G-CSF-producing tumors has recently increased, esophageal carcinosarcoma with producing G-CSF has remained relatively rare; only ten cases have been reported [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and IL-6 producing carcinosarcoma of the esophagus manifesting as leukocytosis and pyrexia: a case report

“…A G-CSF-producing carcinosarcoma of the esophagus has been reported in only 11 cases from 1997 to 2008 [1,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. According to Asano et al [16], the diagnostic criteria for G-CSF-producing tumors are: (1) high serum concentration of G-CSF, (2) marked leukocytosis, (3) decrease in leukocyte count after tumor removal, and (4) positive staining for G-CSF in tumor cells.…”