Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)-Producing Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report

Abstract

There are very few reports of esophageal G-CSF-producing cancer. This report describes a case of G-CSF-producing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma we recently encountered. A 70-year-old male patient had Stage III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The patient received preoperative chemotherapy, and therapeutic response for the primary lesion was rated as complete response and that of the lymph node metastasis as stable disease. A radical operation was then performed. A relapse to neutrophilia occurred as liver metastasis recurred postoperation, and serum G-CSF level was high. Immunohistochemical staining of the resected specimen with anti-G-CSF antibody was positive. The patient died about 1 year after the operation. According to our search of the literature, there are 22 cases of esophageal G-CSF-producing cancer. Carcinosarcoma was more frequent as compared to esophageal non-G-CSF-producing cancer. The prognosis was graver in those cases of G-CSF-producing squamous cell carcinoma, relative to cases of non-G-CSF-producing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Severe neutrophilic leukocytosis as a progression marker in granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

“…Shimakawa et al also reported a patient with G‐CSF‐producing esophageal cancer who received preoperative chemotherapy (5‐FU, ADM, and CDDP) and whose resected specimens revealed no demonstrable cancer cells. However, liver metastasis developed within 3 months after surgery . In our patient, the early metastasis in the liver may imply that the tumor cells had already metastasized at the time of presentation.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, there have been only 10 reported cases of G-CSF-producing esophageal squamous cell carcinomas [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] (Table 1). The majority of patients were male (nine of ten cases), and the average age of the patients was 63.4 AE 14.2 years (range, 30-81 years).…”

Choroidal metastasis from granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report

“…Therefore, we diagnosed the patient with G-CSF-producing ESCC. To the best of our knowledge, G-CSF-producing ESCCs are rare, with only 12 cases reported in English literature, including this report [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In particular, this report is the first case of G-CSF-producing ESCC with choroidal metastasis.…”

Multidisciplinary therapy for granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor producing carcinosarcoma of the esophagus: report of a case

“…In the present case, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin was performed because the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 9907 study recommended neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery as a standard treatment for localized advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the thoracic esophagus [33,34]. In addition, G-CSF-producing tumors have an aggressive clinical course [7,9,10,35]. Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin seemed to be partially effective in the present case, as the leukocytosis was improved, though the serum level of G-CSF was not decreased.…”