Granule Sizes of Canna (Canna edulis) Starches and their Reactivity Toward Hydration, Enzyme Hydrolysis and Chemical Substitution

Abstract

Granule Sizes of Canna (Canna edulis) Starches and their Reactivity Toward Hydration, Enzyme Hydrolysis and Chemical SubstitutionSmall and large granule fractions were isolated from canna starch (Canna edulis, green leaf cultivar), and their morphology, physicochemical properties, susceptibility towards granular starch hydrolyzing enzymes and chemical reaction with propylene oxide were investigated. Canna starch consisted of a mixed population of large, medium and small granules; the mean of granule diameter was 47.4 mm. The small granules presented round and polygonal shapes, whereas the large granules had oval and elliptical shapes. Significant variations in digestibility of the various granules size by granular starch hydrolyzing enzymes were observed. During the first 24 h, the hydrolysis rate of small granules was higher than that of native and large granule starches. After 72 h, however, the degree of hydrolysis of small granule, large granule and native starches had reached the extent of 19.6%, 32.0% and 27.2%, respectively. The larger the granule size, the higher the MS obtained when modified with propylene oxide, which was due to the higher swelling power of the large granules. The results obtained from this study suggest that small granules had lower water and chemical affinity when compared with the bigger ones. The difference in the reactivity of small and large granules could be presumably attributed to the starch components (amylose and amylopectin) and their organization of glucan chains in ordered and/or less ordered structure of these two fractions.

Physicochemical Properties ofCanna edulisKer Starch on Heat-Moisture Treatment

“…As above described, starch sample (1 g) was accurately weighed and dispersed in 50 ml water. The pH was adjusted to the desired values (2,4,6,8,10, and 12) with 0.1 M HCl or NaOH. The slurry was allowed to stand at 30 ± 2 • C for 30 min and centrifuged (1870 × g, 30 min).…”

“…However, investigations on this topic are very limited, and almost no work has been reported on the influence of HMT on this starch. [6][7][8][9][10] Therefore, such a study will be important to extensive utilization of C. edulis starch. In the present work, starch was extracted and purified from rhizomes of C. edulis, and then modified by HMT.…”

Morphology and Physicochemical Properties of Starch in Wheat Superior and Inferior Grains

“…The morphology and physicochemical properties of starch are also closely related. Large starch granules tend to have higher total crystallinity and gelatinization peak temperature, while small starch granules tend to have lower water and chemical affinity and higher hydrolysis rate . Early‐flowering superior grains are significantly superior to late‐flowering inferior grains in terms of endogenous hormones and grain‐filling…”

Morphological characterization of triticale starch granules during endosperm development and seed germination

“…Many studies have shown that starch composition (Amjad and William 1985), gelatinization and pasting properties (Eliasson and Karlsson 1983), enzymatic digestibility (Kasemwong et al 2008), baking characteristics (Lelievre et al 1987), crystallizing and swelling properties (Radosta et al 1992) are all affected by granule size and shape. Starch with predominantly B-type granules has been used as a fat substitute (Lim et al 2002), while starch with a high percentage of A-type granules has applications in the manufacture of biodegradable plastic film and carbonless copy paper (Nachtergaele and Van 1989).…”