Granule cells born in the adult rat hippocampus can regulate the expression of GABAergic markers

Lara, Erika; Beltrán, Jesús Q.; Segovia, José; Gutiérrez, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.06.022

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Prox1/Ctip2 double-positive cells in the hippocampus have also recently been described in vivo during development [ 40 ]. We did not observe Prox1-positive cells co-expressing GAD65, even though Prox1-positive interneurons have been described in the cortex [ 20 ], transiently in the developing hippocampus [ 41 ], and in adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus [ 42 ]. The true complement of transcription factors in any given cell type is not yet known, but caution should be exercised for designating a cell type based on a single transcription factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Ctip2-, Satb2-, Prox1-, and GAD65-Expressing Neurons in Rat Cultures: Preponderance of Single- and Double-Positive Cells, and Cell Type-Specific Expression of Neuron-Specific Gene Family Members, Nsg-1 (NEEP21) and Nsg-2 (P19)

2015

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The brain consists of many distinct neuronal cell types, but which cell types are present in widely used primary cultures of embryonic rodent brain is often not known. We characterized how abundantly four cell type markers (Ctip2, Satb2, Prox1, GAD65) were represented in cultured rat neurons, how easily neurons expressing different markers can be transfected with commonly used plasmids, and whether neuronal-enriched endosomal proteins Nsg-1 (NEEP21) and Nsg-2 (P19) are ubiquitously expressed in all types of cultured neurons. We found that cultured neurons stably maintain cell type identities that are reflective of cell types in vivo. This includes neurons maintaining simultaneous expression of two transcription factors, such as Ctip2+/Satb2+ or Prox1+/Ctip2+ double-positive cells, which have also been described in vivo. Secondly, we established the superior efficiency of CAG promoters for both Lipofectamine-mediated transfection as well as for electroporation. Thirdly, we discovered that Nsg-1 and Nsg-2 were not expressed equally in all neurons: whereas high levels of both Nsg-1 and Nsg-2 were found in Satb2-, Ctip2-, and GAD65-positive neurons, Prox1-positive neurons in hippocampal cultures expressed low levels of both. Our findings thus highlight the importance of identifying neuronal cell types for doing cell biology in cultured neurons: Keeping track of neuronal cell type might uncover effects in assays that might otherwise be masked by the mixture of responsive and non-responsive neurons in the dish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Ctip2-, Satb2-, Prox1-, and GAD65-Expressing Neurons in Rat Cultures: Preponderance of Single- and Double-Positive Cells, and Cell Type-Specific Expression of Neuron-Specific Gene Family Members, Nsg-1 (NEEP21) and Nsg-2 (P19)

2015

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“…For in vivo migration experiments, we employed nude mice ( nu/nu ), glioma C6 cells pre-infected with a retrovirus containing the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), sequence and sorted by flow cytometry as previously described [52] and ReNcell CX stained with the CellTracker™ Orange CMTMR. The day of surgery mice were anesthetized with Ketamine 100 mg/kg and Xylazine 10 mg/kg, and 1×10 6 glioma C6 tumor cells expressing the GFP, resuspended in 3 µl of DMEM/F12, were stereotaxically injected into the striatum (Bregma AP: + 0.5 mm; ML: 2 mm and DV: 3 mm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmigration of Neural Stem Cells across the Blood Brain Barrier Induced by Glioma Cells

et al. 2013

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Transit of human neural stem cells, ReNcell CX, through the blood brain barrier (BBB) was evaluated in an in vitro model of BBB and in nude mice. The BBB model was based on rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs) cultured on Millicell inserts bathed from the basolateral side with conditioned media (CM) from astrocytes or glioma C6 cells. Glioma C6 CM induced a significant transendothelial migration of ReNcells CX in comparison to astrocyte CM. The presence in glioma C6 CM of high amounts of HGF, VEGF, zonulin and PGE2, together with the low abundance of EGF, promoted ReNcells CX transmigration. In contrast cytokines IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, as well as metalloproteinases -2 and -9 were present in equal amounts in glioma C6 and astrocyte CMs. ReNcells expressed the tight junction proteins occludin and claudins 1, 3 and 4, and the cell adhesion molecule CRTAM, while RBMECs expressed occludin, claudins 1 and 5 and CRTAM. Competing CRTAM mediated adhesion with soluble CRTAM, inhibited ReNcells CX transmigration, and at the sites of transmigration, the expression of occludin and claudin-5 diminished in RBMECs. In nude mice we found that ReNcells CX injected into systemic circulation passed the BBB and reached intracranial gliomas, which overexpressed HGF, VEGF and zonulin/prehaptoglobin 2.

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“…Interestingly, GCs proliferation in the adult rodent increase after seizures (Parent et al, 1997) and it has been shown that they overexpress GAD 67 (Jiang et al, 2004). We have proposed that these GCs that can be recruited into dynamic, existing circuits and can transiently exert inhibitory actions (Lara et al, 2012). Additionally, newborn GCs in culture conditions can express a GABAergic phenotype in a manner dependent on activity, and by kainate or BDNF exposure (Babu et al, 2007), as previously described to occur in cultured adult GCs (Gó mez-Lira et al, 2005).…”

Section: Plasticity Of the Neurotransmitter Phenotype Of The Granule mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Because granule cells are continuously being generated in the DG, it suggested the possibility that their physiological characteristics during their development parallel those described for granule cells in the post-natal rat (Espó sito et al, 2005) and we hypothesized that they would also recapitulate the transition of the phenotype observed in granule cells of developing animals. Indeed, Lara et al (2012) found that granule cells born in the adult rat transiently express markers of the GABAergic phenotype, although no electrophysiological data was provided to support their use of GABA for fast neurotransmission (Fig. 5F).…”

Section: The Neurotransmitter Phenotype Of the Granule Cells Is Plasticmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We have provided evidence supporting this hypothesis. Developing granule cells born in the adult hippocampus transiently express the markers of both, glutamatergic and GABAergic phenotypes (Lara et al, 2012). The transient nature of the coexpression of both phenotypes can be reflected in the results presented by Toni et al (2008), who were unable to observe GABA mediated transmission from granule cells born in the adult rodent, probably because they were recorded when they were already integrated in the circuit as adult neurons, when they no longer express GABAergic markers.…”

Section: Plasticity Of the Neurotransmitter Phenotype Of The Granule mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ever-changing brain: Clinical implications

Dulcis¹

2016

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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Aims and Scope Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy is a vehicle for the publication of scientifi c reports relating the functional and biochemical aspects of the nervous system with its microanatomical organization. The scope of the journal concentrates on reports which combine microanatomical, biochemical, pharmacological and behavioural approaches. Papers should offer original data correlating the morphology of the nervous system (the brain and spinal cord in particular) with its biochemistry. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy is particularly interested in publishing important studies performed with up-to-date methodology utilizing sensitive chemical microassays, hybridoma technology, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization and receptor radioautography, to name a few examples. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy is the natural vehicle for integrated studies utilizing these approaches. The articles will be selected by the editorial board and invited reviewers on the basis of their excellence and potential contribution to this fi eld of neurosciences. Both in vivo and in vitro integrated studies in chemical neuroanatomy are appropriate subjects of interest to the journal. These studies should relate only to vertebrate species with particular emphasis on the mammalian and primate nervous systems. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy will consider for publication manuscripts of an interdisciplinary nature rather than those dealing solely with one area of interest. Two types of contributions will be considered: 1. Original research articles: these should contain an Abstract, Introduction, Materials and methods, Results and Discussion sections. The text should be succinct but there is no restriction on the number of pages or fi gures. 2. Review articles: these should extensively survey a specifi c fi eld. An Abstract is required although Materials and methods and Results sections are not. There are no restrictions on the number of fi gures or pages. Although review articles are usually invited, submitted review articles will also be considered.

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Granule cells born in the adult rat hippocampus can regulate the expression of GABAergic markers

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Ctip2-, Satb2-, Prox1-, and GAD65-Expressing Neurons in Rat Cultures: Preponderance of Single- and Double-Positive Cells, and Cell Type-Specific Expression of Neuron-Specific Gene Family Members, Nsg-1 (NEEP21) and Nsg-2 (P19)

Ctip2-, Satb2-, Prox1-, and GAD65-Expressing Neurons in Rat Cultures: Preponderance of Single- and Double-Positive Cells, and Cell Type-Specific Expression of Neuron-Specific Gene Family Members, Nsg-1 (NEEP21) and Nsg-2 (P19)

Transmigration of Neural Stem Cells across the Blood Brain Barrier Induced by Glioma Cells

The ever-changing brain: Clinical implications

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