Granulation in UASB-Reactors

Pol, L.W. Hulshoff; Zeeuw, W.J. de; Velzeboer, C. T. M.; Lettinga, G.

doi:10.2166/wst.1983.0172

Cited by 228 publications

(109 citation statements)

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“…Besides the benefit of increased gas production, the biomass loading rate also provides the energy and starting materials for biosynthetic 101 processes. Therefore, as the biomass loading rate is increased, there is more capacity for cell growth and, thus, for granule formation.By combining the three forces of hydraulic, gas, and biomass loading rates, it is hypothesized that granulation can be stimulated at an early stage of UASB operation.Reports of granulation in as few as 30 days have been reported in UASB reactors by controlling these parameters [21,66,67,68]. The minimum biomass loading rates required for rapid granulation have been reported as 0.6 g COD/g VSS/day [67], although more recent studies have observed granulation at lower biomass loading rates [5,66,68].…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of granulation and start‐up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

Wirtz¹,

Dague²

1996

Water Environment Research

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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI fihns the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be fi-om any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Table 2. Proton-reducing reactions by the acetogenic bacteria [14,27,143,168]. 23 Table 3. The methanogenic bacteria [12], 26 Table 4. Methanogenic substrates [12]. 27 Table 5. Important reactions by the methanogens [12,168]. 27 Table 6. Effects of alkali and alkaline-earth metals on anaerobic digestion [95]. 52 Table 7. Bacterial counts in granules from UASB reactors [31,33]. 91 Table 8. General composition of granules [31]. 96 Table 9. Granule chemical composition [32,33], 96 Table 10. Specific methanogenic activity of various biomass [32,87]. 99 Table 11. Substrates suitable for granule formation. 105 Table 12. Solubility products of metal salts [98]. 111 Table 13. Sucrose feed mixture. 126 Table 14. Beef extract and glucose feed mixture. 127 Table 15. Composition of the beef extract soup base. 128 Table 16. Nutrient (NPK) solution. 128 Table 17. Trace metal solution. 129 Table 18. Ames municipal water analysis. 131 Table 19. ASBR cycle time for 48 and 24-hr HRTs. 133 viii Table 20. Attachment matrices utilized for granulation enhancement. 138 Table 21. Polymer characteristics. 139 Table 22. Coagulants utilized for granulation enhancement. 139 Table 23. Operational parameters routinely tested. 141 Table 24. Reagents used in the COD test. 144 Table 25. Gas chromatography analysis setup. 158 Table 26. Elemental analysis of granules. 165 Table 27. Start-up and granulation summary. 232 Table 28. Summary of specific methanogenic activity experiments. 238 Table 29. Chemical composition of granular and initial seed biomass. 255 Table 30. COD data for the sucrose control test. 286 Table 31. Biogas data for the sucrose control test. 287 Table 32. Volatile acids data for the sucrose control test. 291 Ta...

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of granulation and start‐up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

Wirtz¹,

Dague²

1996

Water Environment Research

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“…Immobilization further requires the presence of support material and/or specific growth nuclei (Hulshoff Pol et al 1983), as well as the presence of exopolymeric substances (EPS) acting as a kind of glue creating a microbial matrix (Vanderhaegen et al 1992). The occurrence of granulation can be explained as follows:…”

Section: Sludge Granulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, at due time, particles/films will fall apart, evolving a next generation. The first generation(s) of aggregates, indicated by Hulshoff Pol et al (1983) as ''filamentous'' granules, are quite voluminous and in fact more a flock than a granule.…”

Section: Sludge Granulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celebrating 40 years anaerobic sludge bed reactors for industrial wastewater treatment

Lier

Zee

Frijters

et al. 2015

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

240

100

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In the last 40 years, anaerobic sludge bed reactor technology evolved from localized lab-scale trials to worldwide successful implementations at a variety of industries. High-rate sludge bed reactors are characterized by a very small foot print and high applicable volumetric loading rates. Best performances are obtained when the sludge bed consists of highly active and well settleable granular sludge. Sludge granulation provides a rich microbial diversity, high biomass concentration, high solids retention time, good settling characteristics, reduction in both the operation costs and reactor volume, and high tolerance to inhibitors and temperature changes. However, sludge granulation cannot be guaranteed on every type of industrial wastewater. Especially in the last two decades, various types of high-rate anaerobic reactor configurations have been developed that are less dependent on the presence of granular sludge, and many of them are currently successfully applied for the treatment of various kinds of industrial wastewaters worldwide. This study discusses the evolution of anaerobic sludge bed technology for the treatment of industrial wastewaters in the last four decades, focusing on granular sludge bed systems.

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“…The performance and stability of these reactors depend a lot on sludge granulation, but the success of the self-immobilization process is not warranted, since several factors affect this process (Kalyuzhnyi et al, 1996;Hulshoff-Pol et al, 1983). According to Liu et al (1993), the UASB reactor is highly dependent on the granulation process, unlike anaerobic sequencing batch reactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High settling velocities and high specific activity are the characteristics that are most important for efficient biomass retention in the reactor and high waste biodegradation (Lettinga et al, 1980;Hulshoff-Pol et al, 1983). Anaerobic granular sludge consists of dense multi-species microbial communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simplified analysis of granule behavior in ASBR and UASB reactors treating low-strength synthetic wastewater

Veronez

Orra

Ribeiro

et al. 2005

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-This work presents an analysis of the changes observed in granule characteristics of sludge in the treatment of synthetic wastewater at a concentration of about 500 mgCOD/L in batch, fed-batch (ASBR) and continuous (UASB) bench-scale reactors under similar experimental conditions. Physical and microbiological properties of the granules were characterized as average particle size and sedimentation time and by optical and epifluorescence microscopy. Several samples were analyzed in order to identify the morphologies. Granules from sequencing batch and fed-batch reactors, either with or without mechanical mixing, did not undergo any physical or microbiological changes. However, during the experiment granules from the UASB reactor agglomerated due to the formation and accumulation of a viscous material, probably of microbial origin, when operated at low superficial velocities (0.072, 0.10 and 0.19 m/h). When the superficial velocity was increased to 8.0-10.0 m/h by means of liquid-phase recirculation, the granules from the UASB reactor underwent flocculation and the microbiological characteristics changed in such a way that the equilibrium of microbial diversity in the inoculum was not maintained. As a result, the only reactor that maintained efficiency and good solids retention during the assays was the ASBR, showing that there is a correlation between maintenance of microbial diversity and operating mode in the case of anaerobic treatment of lowstrength wastewaters.

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Granulation in UASB-Reactors

Cited by 228 publications

References 0 publications

Enhancement of granulation and start‐up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

Enhancement of granulation and start‐up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

Celebrating 40 years anaerobic sludge bed reactors for industrial wastewater treatment

A simplified analysis of granule behavior in ASBR and UASB reactors treating low-strength synthetic wastewater

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