Granular, Slow-Release Fertilizer from Urea-formaldehyde, Ammonium Polyphosphate, and Amorphous Silica Gel: A New Strategy Using Cold Extrusion

Xiang, Yang; Ru, Xudong; Shi, J.G.; Song, Jiang; Zhao, Haidong; Liu, Yaqing; Zhao, Guizhe

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02349

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin as an important polymeric resin has been widely and commercially used in various fields, including construction, agriculture, and for its environmental aspect. [11][12][13][14] The utilization of UF resin for the adhesion of wood and derived products has been attracting continuous interests, due to its good adhesive property, excellent stability, and low cost. [15] However, during the practical plywood production, flours, or starch are often added into UF resin precursors in order to improve the initial viscosity and pre-press strength of resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures, Properties and Potential Applications of Corncob Residue Modified by Carboxymethylation

et al. 2020

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In this study, corncob residue (CR) valorization was simply and efficiently realized via carboxymethylation, and its enhanced performance as fillers in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was investigated. The structures of corncob residue and carboxymethylated derivative were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman techniques, respectively. The thermal stability, morphology, viscosity control, and adhesive strength were then investigated to evaluate its performance as fillers in UF resin composite. Similar to commercial flour, carboxymethylated CR could effectively disperse in UF resin. It also exhibited a better initial viscosity control between 30 and 50 °C. The adhesive test analysis showed that the shear strength of resin with carboxymethylated CR addition could reach 1.04 MPa, which was comparable to flour (0.99 MPa) and significantly higher than raw CR (0.45 MPa). Moreover, a low formaldehyde emission was observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures, Properties and Potential Applications of Corncob Residue Modified by Carboxymethylation

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, as shown in Figure (f), APP10/BNNS1 and APP10/BNNS1/ZF0.1 aerogels exhibit similar FTIR peaks at 3430, 1400, 1250, and 866 cm −1 , corresponding to NH or OH, BN, PO, and POP, respectively. These absorbance bands, in combination with the one of Zn‐O around 531 cm −1 , prove that the as‐prepared composite aerogels consist of BNNS, APP, and/or ZF …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…It can be seen that BNNS exhibits nanoplate structure with a lateral size of around 200–300 nm while ZF nanoparticle has a diameter of about 100 nm. Moreover, as shown in Figure (e), the major diffraction peaks of both APP10/BNNS1 and APP10/BNNS1/ZF0.1 aerogels around 2θ = 26.6° and 2θ = 15.8° are assigned to h‐BN and APP, respectively; and the new diffraction peak of APP10/BNNS1/ZF0.1 aerogel is ascribed to ZF. In addition, as shown in Figure (f), APP10/BNNS1 and APP10/BNNS1/ZF0.1 aerogels exhibit similar FTIR peaks at 3430, 1400, 1250, and 866 cm −1 , corresponding to NH or OH, BN, PO, and POP, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Enhancing flame retardance of epoxy resin by incorporation into ammonium polyphosphate/boron nitride nanosheets/zinc ferrite three‐dimensional porous aerogel via vacuum‐assisted infiltration

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) were combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and zinc ferrite (ZF) nanoparticle to prepare APP/BNNS/ZF composite aerogels via a freeze-drying method. Then, epoxy resin (EP) was incorporated into the pores of the as-obtained aerogels via a vacuum-assisted infiltration method to afford APP/BNNS/ZF-EP composites with greatly improved fire resistance. The flame-retardant performance of the as-prepared composites was evaluated by cone calorimetry test; and the flame-retardant mechanism of the aerogels was discussed in relation to thermogravimetric-infrared analysis of the pyrolysis products. Findings demonstrate that the APP/BNNS/ZF-EP composite containing 24.0 wt % of the APP/BNNS/ZF aerogel exhibits superior flame-retardant performance; and its peak heat release rate and total heat release are reduced by 86.2 and 86.5% as compared with those of pristine EP. The reason lies in that APP can be decomposed in the early stage of burning to generate phosphoric acid, thereby promoting the formation of char layer; ZF can catalyze the charring process; and BNNS can act as the physical barrier to retard the burning of EP. In addition, the APP10/BNNS1/ZF0.1-EP composite can be endowed with superhydrophobicity via the modification of polydimethylsiloxane and hydrophobic nanosilica, which could contribute to broadening its scope of application. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48609. HIGHLIGHTS:1. Flame-retardant APP/BNNS/ZF aerogels were prepared by a freeze-drying method. 2. APP/BNNS/ZF-EP composites were obtained via a vacuum-assisted infiltration method. 3. The pHRR of composites are reduced by 86.2% as compared with that of pristine EP. 4. The EP composites exhibit excellent flame retardancy and superhydrophobicity.

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“…As shown in Fig. 3a, the existence of crystalline regions in UF is con rmed, possibly belonging to crystal structures of hydroxymethyl urea crystallized by H bonding during aging [29][30][31] . Peaks of ZnO were identi ed in the composites and no modi cation in UF pattern was seen, which indicates that the load did not change the UF crystalline phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Different Zn Loading in Urea-Formaldehyde Influences the N Controlled Release by Structure Modification

Giroto

Valle

Guimarães

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Nitrogen fertilization has been a critical factor for high crop productivity, where urea is currently the most used N source due to its high concentration and affordability. Nevertheless, urea fast solubilization leads to frequent losses and lower agronomic efficiency. The modification of urea structure by condensation with formaldehyde has been proposed to improve nutrient uptake by plants and to reduce environmental losses. Herein we show that the co-formulation with Zn strongly modifies the N release (in lab conditions) and, more important, the Zn source – ZnSO4 or ZnO – has a critical role. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) served as a matrix for the zinc sources, whose chemical characterizations revealed that Zn particles influenced the length of the polymeric chains' formation. Release tests in an aqueous medium showed that the UF matrix favors ZnO release and, on the other hand, delays ZnSO4 delivery. Soil incubation with the fertilizer composites proved the slow-release of N from UF, ideal for optimizing nutritional efficiency. Our results indicated that ZnO: UF system has beneficial effects for both nutrients, i.e., reduces N volatilization and increases Zn release.

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Granular, Slow-Release Fertilizer from Urea-formaldehyde, Ammonium Polyphosphate, and Amorphous Silica Gel: A New Strategy Using Cold Extrusion

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

Structures, Properties and Potential Applications of Corncob Residue Modified by Carboxymethylation

Structures, Properties and Potential Applications of Corncob Residue Modified by Carboxymethylation

Enhancing flame retardance of epoxy resin by incorporation into ammonium polyphosphate/boron nitride nanosheets/zinc ferrite three‐dimensional porous aerogel via vacuum‐assisted infiltration

Different Zn Loading in Urea-Formaldehyde Influences the N Controlled Release by Structure Modification

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