Granular media filtration for on-site treatment of greywater: A review

Shaikh, Irshad N.; Ahammed, M. Mansoor

doi:10.2166/wst.2022.269

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…When HLR was increased, removals of pollutants decreased in the media filters. Shorter residence time of grey water in the filter is provided with increased filtration velocity at higher HLR (Shaikh & Ahammed 2022). Siliceous sand media filter amounts appeared to have a minor influence on surfactants removal efficiencies compared with the effect of hydraulic loading rate.…”

Section: Surfactant Removal Efficienciesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The selection of suitable granular media filtration for the treatment of grey water with compromising the quality of treated grey water, effect of type of filter media, media size and media depth along with the effect of operating conditions significantly influence the filter performance (Shaikh & Ahammed 2022). Less attention has been given, however, to mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of mechanisms of an upflow-downflow siliceous sand filtration system for surfactants bathroom grey water treatment

Chaabane

Riahi

Anibi

et al. 2022

Water Science and Technology

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Sustainable Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) at the local level are considered as a smart alternative for small communities particularly in arid areas. The present study examines the mechanisms of an upflow-downflow Siliceous Sand (SS) filtration system involved in surfactants bathroom grey water treatment. In order to get a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in surfactants removal, particle size distribution and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy of the SS particles were performed. Optimization of the upflow-downflow SS filtration system, operated following operational conditions of Hydraulic Load Rate (HLR) and SS amounts, results indicates an average removal efficiency (ARE) of 93.7% reached with respect to surfactants removal. Results showed also that the resulting silicate materials react with surfactants in a cooperative assembly process involving the interaction of SS particles with surfactants aggregates. Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area, pore volume (Vp), and pore size were found to be significantly reduced post-filtration with respectively 3.39%, 24.31%, and 21.86% reduction. From FTIR spectroscopy analysis of the Sulfonates, Silanol and Silane functional groups appear to be involved in mesoporous constructed micelle organization for surfactants removal. Such geo-materials could be green and sustainable for various applications in water and environmental engineering.

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Section: Surfactant Removal Efficienciesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of mechanisms of an upflow-downflow siliceous sand filtration system for surfactants bathroom grey water treatment

Chaabane

Riahi

Anibi

et al. 2022

Water Science and Technology

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“…In general, ammonia and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations in greywater are approximately 10 times lower than that in domestic wastewater (Lazarova et al, 2003). The content of metals and organic pollutants in graywater is generally low and at lower levels for zinc and mercury than for mixed wastewater (Potivichayanon et al, 2021;Shaikh and Ahammed, 2022). Graywater sources are divided into two: low-load sources (tubs, showers, and hand sinks) and high-load sources (laundry and kitchen).…”

Section: Graywater Reuse (Gwr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change adaptation exertions on the use of alternative water resources in Antalya, Türkiye

Kilinc

Tanık²,

Hanedar³

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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This study presents the payback periods of applying rainwater harvesting (RWH) and/or graywater reuse (GWR) systems as alternative water resources in different building typologies, such as a hospital, shopping mall, and hotel. These buildings are under operation in the Antalya Province of Türkiye, which is a large city having the densest tourism activities. The significance of the work performed through the cost-benefit analyses for the selected case studies basically lies on the water savings while serving to four of the sustainable development goals, namely, clean water and sanitation, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, and climate action. These efforts may be considered valuable urban-based solutions toward climate change effects. Thorough surveys on the existing selected typologies are conducted regarding their water consumption and probable water savings via reuse activities. As-built plumbing projects and plans are also investigated during the accomplishment of the comprehensive design work leading to the calculation of the total investment and operation costs of the rainwater harvesting and graywater reuse practices. The up-to-date prices are used in monetary terms, and euro currency is used to make the results more meaningful by the interested parties. All the selected typologies undergo cost-benefit analysis for both of the alternative water reuse systems. The payback periods are calculated as 6, 2, and 9 years for RWH and as 5, 6, and 9 years for GWR for the hospital, shopping mall, and the hotel, respectively. The water savings for RWH varied between 20% and 50% whereas for GWR, the range was 48%–99%. Both of the systems are performed for the shopping mall simultaneously, and the resulting payback period is found to be 5 years, and water saving reached 72%. Recent information on the amortization periods in the literature states that less than a decade demonstrates achievable and highly acceptable applications. As such, the design attempts in this study also correlated with these findings. However, feasibility of these practices may be increased by encouraging the public on their utility and benefit of water savings. As is the case in many of the developed countries, incentives like tax reductions and even exemptions may be realized to achieve better applicability of these alternative technologies.

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Use of zero-valent iron-modified sand filters for greywater treatment: performance evaluation and modelling using response surface methodology

Raj,

Ahammed,

Shaikh

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Granular media filtration for on-site treatment of greywater: A review

Cited by 11 publications

References 136 publications

Investigation of mechanisms of an upflow-downflow siliceous sand filtration system for surfactants bathroom grey water treatment

Investigation of mechanisms of an upflow-downflow siliceous sand filtration system for surfactants bathroom grey water treatment

Climate change adaptation exertions on the use of alternative water resources in Antalya, Türkiye

Use of zero-valent iron-modified sand filters for greywater treatment: performance evaluation and modelling using response surface methodology

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