Granular cell tumors in the central nervous system: a report on eight cases and a literature review

Yang, Zhijun; Wang, Zhenmin; Zhou, Qiangyi; Li, Shiwei; Wang, Xingchao; Wang, Bo; Zhao, Fu

doi:10.1080/02688697.2016.1181152

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Granular cell tumors (GCTs) can arise in different regions of the body: skin, head and neck. GCTs occur rarely in the central nervous system developing in the posterior hypophysis and cerebral hemispheres (10,11).…”

Section: Trophic and Neurotrophic Factors In Human Pituitary Adenomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic and neurotrophic factors in human pituitary adenomas (Review)

Spoletini

Taurone

Tombolini

et al. 2017

International Journal of Oncology

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The pituitary gland is an organ that functionally connects the hypothalamus with the peripheral organs. The pituitary gland is an important regulator of body homeostasis during development, stress, and other processes. Pituitary adenomas are a group of tumors arising from the pituitary gland: they may be subdivided in functional or non-functional, depending on their hormonal activity. Some trophic and neurotrophic factors seem to play a key role in the development and maintenance of the pituitary function and in the regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity. Several lines of evidence suggest that trophic and neurotrophic factors may be involved in pituitary function, thus suggesting a possible role of the trophic and neurotrophic factors in the normal development of pituitary gland and in the progression of pituitary adenomas. Additional studies might be necessary to better explain the biological role of these molecules in the development and progression of this type of tumor. In this review, in light of the available literature, data on the following neurotrophic factors are discussed: ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), transforming growth factors β (TGF‑β), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) which influence the proliferation and growth of pituitary adenomas.

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Section: Trophic and Neurotrophic Factors In Human Pituitary Adenomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic and neurotrophic factors in human pituitary adenomas (Review)

Spoletini

Taurone

Tombolini

et al. 2017

International Journal of Oncology

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“…Granular cell tumors (GCTs) arise from Schwann cells[ 1 ] and have been located almost everywhere in the body, including visceral or cutaneous locations[ 2 ], chest wall regions[ 3 ], and in the oral cavity[ 4 ], pituitary, central nervous system[ 5 ], and respiratory system[ 6 ]. Granular cells contain unique acidic protein, S-100 protein, which is present in Schwann cell and satellite cells of ganglia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particular tumor of the pancreas: A case report

Zhu¹,

Nie²

2021

WJCC

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BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor (GCT) of the pancreas is a rare neurogenic tumor. The first case of pancreatic GCT was described in 1975, and up to now, only 7 cases have been reported. CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male had a pancreatic mass for 1 mo. He was not treated at the local hospital, but referred to Henan Tumor Hospital for surgery. Preoperative imaging revealed a 2.0 cm × 2.5 cm-sized mass located in the body of the pancreas. At the microscopic level, a large number of eosinophilic particles are present in the oval tumor cells. The immunohistochemistry of this tumor cell display CD56 (+), blood vessels CD34 (+), Ki-67 (+) < 10%, and S-100 (+). CONCLUSION GCT of the pancreas should be recognized as a preoperative differential diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. Surgical resection of the tumor should be attempted; however, GCT of the pancreas has a certain rate of tumor metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, GCT of the pancreas requires regular and long-term follow-up.

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“…Although they can display diverse radiologic features, GCA frequently present as single or multifocal supratentorial lesions within the white matter with post‐contrast peripheral ring‐like enhancement and central necrosis similar to glioblastoma. However, they usually have heterogeneous imaging characteristics, with a subset presenting as well‐defined lesions with homogeneous enhancement, as well as prominent peritumoral edema .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in gemistocytic astrocytomas, mitotic activity is usually inconspicuous and MIB‐1 proliferation index is variable . Even though in most cases a conventional infiltrating astrocytoma component is identified, granular cell features may occasionally comprise the entire tumor and resemble granular cell tumors at other sites, like the infundibulum or peripheral nerve . Occasionally, they resemble foamy histiocytes and may be misinterpreted either as a histiocytic disorder or a reactive, non‐neoplastic, macrophage‐rich lesion such as demyelination, particularly in the context of perivascular chronic inflammation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granular cell astrocytoma: an aggressive IDH‐wildtype diffuse glioma with molecular genetic features of primary glioblastoma

et al. 2018

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Granular cell astrocytoma (GCA) is a rare adult infiltrating glioma subtype. We studied a series of 39 GCAs. Median age of presentation was 57.8 years and most cases developed in the frontal or temporal lobes. Tumors included grade II (n = 14), grade III (n = 11), and grade IV (n = 14) by WHO criteria. Granular cell morphology was diffuse in 31 (79%) cases and partial in eight (21%). Immunohistochemistry showed frequent positivity for GFAP (28 of 31), OLIG2 (16 of 16), and CD68 (27 of 30), but HAM56, CD163, and IBA-1 histiocytic markers were all negative (22 of 22). IDH1(R132H) was negative in all the cases tested (16 of 16), while ATRX expression was retained (12 of 12). Cytogenetics demonstrated monosomy 10 (6 of 6) cases, +7 in 4 (of 6), -13q in 4 of 6, and -14 in 4 of 6. Next-generation sequencing demonstrated mutations in PTEN/PIK3 genes in 6/13 (46%), NF1 in 3 of 10 (30%), TP53 in 3 of 13 (23%), PALB2 in 3 of 10 (30%), STAG2 in 3 of 10 (30%), EGFR mutation/amplification in 3 of 13 (23%), and AR in 2 of 10 (20%). CDKN2A/B deletion was identified in 5 of 13 (30%) cases (homozygous deletion in 4). The TERT C228T mutation was identified in 9 of 13 (69%). No mutations were encountered in IDH1, IDH2, CIC, FUBP1, H3F3A, BRAF or ATRX genes. The mean overall survival was 11.3 months. Patients >60 years old at diagnosis had a worse survival than patients <60 years (P = 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in survival by WHO grade, extent of granular cell change, sex or MIB-1 (P > 0.05). GCA is a variant of IDH-wildtype diffuse glioma with aggressive behavior irrespective of grade and extent of granular cell morphology, and with molecular genetic features corresponding to primary glioblastoma.

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Granular cell tumors in the central nervous system: a report on eight cases and a literature review

Abstract: GCTs at different locations in the CNS can have significantly different clinical features and should be considered distinct entities. Except for the granular cell astrocytoma (GCA), most GCTs in the CNS tended to be benign. Malignant GCTs are rare and difficult to treat.

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Trophic and neurotrophic factors in human pituitary adenomas (Review)

Trophic and neurotrophic factors in human pituitary adenomas (Review)

Particular tumor of the pancreas: A case report

Granular cell astrocytoma: an aggressive IDH‐wildtype diffuse glioma with molecular genetic features of primary glioblastoma

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