Grandparenting Roles and Functions

Lou, Vivian W. Q.; Chi, Iris

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2303-0_3

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Grandparent-raising refers to the situation where children are raised up by grandparents alone, or mainly by grandparents while parental rearing only plays a minor role. This phenomenon has attracted more and more investigators' attention ( 1 – 5 ). Grandparent-raising is influenced by cultural differences and mainly exists in East-Asian countries, especially in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grandparent-raising is influenced by cultural differences and mainly exists in East-Asian countries, especially in China. Because traditional culture in these countries emphasizes family harmony and collective happiness in the whole family, it is a common phenomenon that children are taken care of by their grandparents instead of their parents ( 1 , 5 , 6 ). Moreover, in these families, it is usually the responsibility of women to take care of children ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because traditional culture in these countries emphasizes family harmony and collective happiness in the whole family, it is a common phenomenon that children are taken care of by their grandparents instead of their parents ( 1 , 5 , 6 ). Moreover, in these families, it is usually the responsibility of women to take care of children ( 5 ). During the course of babysitting, the action of lifting children, which involves bending, flexing, and the upright motion of the lumbar region, is inevitable and repeated frequently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Multi-Modal Risk Analysis and Medical Prevention of Lumbar Degeneration, Fatigue, and Injury Based on FEM/BMD for Elderly Chinese Women Who Act as Stay-Home Grandchildren Sitters

Cavagnaro

Xiong

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: An increasing number of Chinese elderly women stay at home and act as grandchildren sitters. In consequence of the frequent load-bearing, chronic lumbar fatigue probably caused a higher risk of lumbar degeneration, fatigue, and injury which has become one of the most important aging and health problems in China. In this study, a multi-mode lumbar finite element model (FEM) with specific bone mineral density (BMD) were developed and validated for further spine injury prevention and control.Methods: The material properties of lumbar vertebra were modified according to degenerated bone mineral density, and geometry was adjusted based on intervertebral disc height. The motion of lifting children was simulated by a 76 year-old Chinese women's FEM, and the stress distribution was calculated and predicted.Results: The pressure of L5-S intervertebral disc in the bending 3-year-old dummy lifting posture was significantly higher than the same posture without lifting, the maximum effective stress of endplate cartilage in the upright child lifting posture was 1.6 times that of the bending without lifting posture. And the fatigue risk limitation frequency of the upright with dummy posture was predicted with the functional equation of fatigue and stress which was deduced by genetic algorithm, which combined with the effective stress of lumbar vertebrae spongy bone calculated from FEM.Conclusions: The child-lifting motion could increase the risk of lumbar degeneration, fatigue, and injury in elderly women, and they should keep below the frequency limit of the motion of lifting children in their daily life. This study could put forward scientific injury prevention guidance to Chinese elderly women who lift children in daily life frequently.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Multi-Modal Risk Analysis and Medical Prevention of Lumbar Degeneration, Fatigue, and Injury Based on FEM/BMD for Elderly Chinese Women Who Act as Stay-Home Grandchildren Sitters

Cavagnaro

Xiong

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…On this basis, we believe that exploration of the grandparent-infant grandchild communication in a Cretan context would make an important contribution to the cross-cultural literature on grandparenting. This investigation would give researchers a better understanding of the impact of the intergenerational relationship on individual, family and society well-being in a context that emphasizes family obligations and intergenerational exchange (Du, 2007;Szinovacz, 1998;van Willigen & Lewis, 2006, as cited in Lou & Chi, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Spontaneous Imitation in Infancy: A Three Generation Inter-Familial Study

Kokkinaki¹,

Vitalaki²

2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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With the aim to advance our understanding regarding the role of the extended family interactional context for early mother-infant communication, we compared spontaneous early imitative exchanges in dyadic interactions between mothers and infants (Group 1, N = 26) who had no frequent contact with maternal grandmothers, to imitations in two familial subgroups (Group 2, N = 48): (a) dyadic interactions of infants with their mothers, and (b) with their grandmothers-persons who had frequent contact with the infant. Spontaneous dyadic interactions of infants with their mothers and grandmothers were video-recorded at home from the 2nd to the 10th month of their life. Both comparisons provided evidence of similar frequency of imitative exchanges and developmental trajectories of infant imitations, but also differences in the structure of imitation, the kinds of imitated behaviors and the temporal patterns of imitative components. In the frame of the theory of Innate Intersubjectivity, we assume that differential early family interaction may be related to variations in three fundamental dimensions of infant-significant other communication: "kinematics" (temporal patterns), "physiognomics" (spatial patterns or forms) and "energetics" (force or effort). These variations may affect the child's ability for regulation and negotiation of interpersonal challenges within and outside the family context.

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Children's Parents

Bornstein

2015

Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science

169

171

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This chapter surveys central issues concerning children's parents. The chapter first addresses the two faces of parenting, parenting as a phase of adult development and parenting as an instrumental activity vis‐à‐vis children. Next, the chapter briefly overviews the origins of parenting studies, theories of parenting, and future directions in parenting research. The following two sections of the chapter address the principal actors in the human drama of caregiving, mothers, fathers, and children's other principal caregivers, and, then, cognitions and practices that principally instantiate parenting. With the actors, attitudes, and actions associated with parenting introduced, arguments for the meaningfulness of parenting effects are then evaluated in correlational designs and various kinds of experiments that demonstrate the value of parenting (challenges to parenting effects from behavior genetics and group socialization theory are also addressed). Parents and parenting vary tremendously, and determinants of parenting are a major issue in the field; the multicausal origins of parenting in characteristics of parents, characteristics of children, and contextual characteristics are explored next. The chapter closes with some practical issues‐;for example neglect, abuse, and parenting interventions‐;before reaching more general conclusions.

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Grandparenting Roles and Functions

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

The Multi-Modal Risk Analysis and Medical Prevention of Lumbar Degeneration, Fatigue, and Injury Based on FEM/BMD for Elderly Chinese Women Who Act as Stay-Home Grandchildren Sitters

The Multi-Modal Risk Analysis and Medical Prevention of Lumbar Degeneration, Fatigue, and Injury Based on FEM/BMD for Elderly Chinese Women Who Act as Stay-Home Grandchildren Sitters

Exploring Spontaneous Imitation in Infancy: A Three Generation Inter-Familial Study

Children's Parents

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