Grand Challenges in Rhinology

Abstract

The nose is our respiratory interface with the exterior world and, as such, bears the brunt of its challenges. The nasal and sinus epithelium, with its mucociliary clearance and production of nitric oxide gas, constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunological defense of the airways, protecting us from the environment. Rhinitis and rhinosinusitis are universally experienced conditions, thanks to viral colds. This has led to trivialization of nasal symptoms and disease, even when persistent; however the realization that nasal disease is very costly to society, impairs sleep, quality of life, and work/school ability and that it is associated with a variety of co-morbidities involving the throat, lungs, sinuses, ears, and general well-being is gaining traction and leading to good quality research into etiology, prevention, and management. Many challenges remain into the etiology, pathophysiology, natural history, and therapy of upper respiratory tract disorders.