Grand challenges in biogeoscience

Eglinton, Timothy I.

doi:10.3389/feart.2015.00039

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…There are many caveats in our understanding of biogeochemical processes along the land-deep sea continuum, including hadal trenches, mainly because of the indistinguishable complexity of natural and anthropogenic biogeochemical processes that work at almost all climatic components and interfaces of Earth. As wellsaid in Achterberg (2014) and Eglinton (2015), biogeoscientists in general and marine biogeochemists in particular are in the forefront to take-up critical research issues that are related to the current and future global climate changes and climate mitigations in the coming years, as these groups of researchers are dealing with elemental cycles and associated atmospheric gases in diverse land and marine environments from the pole-to-equator-to-pole. Despite the significant methodological advances in recent years such as biomarkers and compoundspecific stable and radiocarbon measurements, doubts/problems of biogeochemical cycles of C, N and other elements are still persisting and also hard to reconcile different results from diverse viewpoints and/or methodologies.…”

Section: Final Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the significant methodological advances in recent years such as biomarkers and compoundspecific stable and radiocarbon measurements, doubts/problems of biogeochemical cycles of C, N and other elements are still persisting and also hard to reconcile different results from diverse viewpoints and/or methodologies. An integral approach of the chemical characterization of OM with isotopic, biomarker and molecular techniques will be essential in our understanding of biogeochemical cycles of OM and related elements in a changing climate (Bianchi, 2011;Eglinton, 2015). As prescribed, areas of regional priority in the future investigations include the Amazon, the Congo, Yangtze and Yellow riverine basins and their estuaries and tropical coastal currents.…”

Section: Final Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspectives on the Terrestrial Organic Matter Transport and Burial along the Land-Deep Sea Continuum: Caveats in Our Understanding of Biogeochemical Processes and Future Needs

Kandasamy

Nath

2016

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The natural carbon cycle is immensely intricate to fully understand its sources, fluxes and the processes that are responsible for their cycling in different reservoirs and their balances on a global scale. Anthropogenic perturbations add another dimension to such a complex cycle. Therefore, it is necessary to update the global carbon cycle by combining both natural and anthropogenic sources, fluxes and sinks along the land-sea continuum to assess whether these terms are currently in balance or not. Here, we review the export and burial rates of terrestrial organic carbon in the oceans to understand the issue of "missing terrigenous carbon" by comparing data-and model-based estimates of terrestrial carbon fluxes. Our review reveals large disparities between field data and model output in terms of dissolved and particulate organic carbon/matter (OC/OM) fluxes and their ratios, especially for Oceania and Arctic rivers, suggesting the need of additional investigations in these regions to refine terrestrial OC export budget. Based on our budgeting of global sources and sinks of OC with updated estimates of marine productivity and terrestrial OM burial rate, we find that the marginal sediments are key burial sites of terrestrial OM (TOM), which is consistent with earlier views of Berner (1982) and Hedges and Keil (1995). While about 60-80% of TOM is remineralized in the margins, the estimated budget further reveals the ocean derived OM is efficiently remineralized than that of terrestrial OM, emphasizing the need of further improvements of carbon burial estimation in the marine realm. When we look back in the past, higher terrestrial OC burial (by ∼50%) in the deep ocean during the glacials than during the interglacials and suggests the subdued role of continental margins and an efficient transfer and preservation of OM from the shelf to deep sea in glacials. Based on the review of terrestrial and marine OM burial, we suggest some critical regions/ways that need to be investigated/addressed further, identification of new biogeochemical proxies and their grouping to better constrain the global carbon cycle along the land-deep sea continuum in future.

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Section: Final Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Final Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on the Terrestrial Organic Matter Transport and Burial along the Land-Deep Sea Continuum: Caveats in Our Understanding of Biogeochemical Processes and Future Needs

Kandasamy

Nath

2016

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Under these premises, the main challenges for Earth science may be defined. Many major challenges of several subdisciplines of Earth science have been already recently proposed, in general documents (ESA, 2013) or in more detail, as in dedicated papers on seismology (Lay, 2009), geodynamics (Olsen et al, 2010), terrestrial microbiology (Stein and Nicol, 2011), atmospheric science (Gimeno, 2013), structural geology and tectonics (Gudmundsson, 2013), geomagnetism and paleomagnetism, (Kodama, 2013), climate (Beniston, 2013), volcanology (Acocella, 2014), environmental informatics (Kokhanovsky, 2014), biogeochemistry (Achterberg, 2014), paleontology (Reisz and Sues, 2015), biogeoscience (Eglinton, 2015), and Quaternary geology and geomorphology (Forman and Stinchcomb, 2015).…”

Section: The Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges in Earth science: research toward a sustainable environment

Acocella

2015

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Electrical conductivity (EC) is frequently used as a water quality parameter in environmental monitoring and research [e.g., Malone et al ., ; Marandi et al ., ]. Concentrations of total dissolved solids (i.e., nutrients and major ions) are variable across and within aquatic environments, and thus there is a need for high resolution water quality investigations [ Abbott et al ., ; Eglinton , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of a modified temperature‐light intensity logger for quantifying water electrical conductivity

Gillman

Lamoureux

Lafrenière

2017

Water Resources Research

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The Stream Temperature, Intermittency, and Conductivity (STIC) electrical conductivity (EC) logger as presented by Chapin et al. (2014) serves as an inexpensive (∼50 USD) means to assess relative EC in freshwater environments. This communication demonstrates the calibration of the STIC logger for quantifying EC, and provides examples from a month long field deployment in the High Arctic. Calibration models followed multiple nonlinear regression and produced calibration curves with high coefficient of determination values (R2 = 0.995 − 0.998; n = 5). Percent error of mean predicted specific conductance at 25°C (SpC) to known SpC ranged in magnitude from −0.6% to 13% (mean = −1.4%), and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) ranged from 2.1% to 13% (mean = 5.3%). Across all tested loggers we found good accuracy and precision, with both error metrics increasing with increasing SpC values. During 10, month‐long field deployments, there were no logger failures and full data recovery was achieved. Point SpC measurements at the location of STIC loggers recorded via a more expensive commercial electrical conductivity logger followed similar trends to STIC SpC records, with 1:1.05 and 1:1.08 relationships between the STIC and commercial logger SpC values. These results demonstrate that STIC loggers calibrated to quantify EC are an economical means to increase the spatiotemporal resolution of water quality investigations.

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Grand challenges in biogeoscience

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Perspectives on the Terrestrial Organic Matter Transport and Burial along the Land-Deep Sea Continuum: Caveats in Our Understanding of Biogeochemical Processes and Future Needs

Perspectives on the Terrestrial Organic Matter Transport and Burial along the Land-Deep Sea Continuum: Caveats in Our Understanding of Biogeochemical Processes and Future Needs

Grand challenges in Earth science: research toward a sustainable environment

Calibration of a modified temperature‐light intensity logger for quantifying water electrical conductivity

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