The central objective of our study is to demonstrate and analyze how the Brazilian ruling group took over the financial reporting and accounting itself as an ideological instrument and consequently of hegemonic control, by creating a reality that satisfies their material interests. The study unit is the Banco do Brazil between 1853 and 1902, period of many changes in social, economic and politics in the country. Based on the critical approach, in a historical study through primary documentary research, we use the theoretical platform of the Italian Marxist, Antonio Gramsci in his definitions of hegemony and ideology, especially. We intended to analyze specific accounting issues, especially the income calculation and the dividends distribution. The findings suggest that the Banco do Brazil during the golden period of national coffee production was used by the ruling group, seized by the state, for transferring resources to the bourgeoisie, contributing significantly to the economic and social inequality in our country. Specifically, through the interface between civil society and political society within the Brazilian State during the period studied. We suggest that the financial reporting and accounting itself are used as ideological controlling tools, but by containing these characteristics, additionally, they show the contradictions of the bourgeois-capitalist system.