Gram's-Stained Microscopy in the Etiological Diagnosis of Malassezia (Pityrosporon) Folliculitis

Lim, Kheng-Jim; L, Boey

doi:10.1001/archderm.1988.01670040012007

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Few studies have evaluated the accuracy of special staining smears in MalF diagnosis and the results were conflicting, showing positive rates ranging 44–100% . Diagnosis of MalF by Gram staining was first reported by Lim et al . In their epidemiological study, the authors claimed that the positive rates of Gram staining and skin biopsy were 44% and 84%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each patient, one to five pustules were sampled to ensure there were adequate specimens for microscopic examination. Gram staining was performed following the standard method . The result of Gram staining was interpreted as follows: (i) if there were more than 30 blastospores or short hyphae in more than three oil‐immersion fields, the smear was marked as “MalF”; (ii) if there were numerous bacteria, regardless of their morphology, the smear was interpreted as “bacterial folliculitis”; (iii) if both criteria were met, the smear was categorized as “mixed folliculitis”; and (iv) if no criteria was met, the examination result was “no diagnosis”.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8]10 Multiple stains, including blue/black Parker ink, May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) stain, methylene blue, lactophenol blue and calcofluor white have all been used to visualize Malassezia. [1][2][3][4] Gram staining is widely used to visualize bacteria and has been used to identify Malassezia in one very early study, 12 in which demonstration of Malassezia was presumed to be diagnostic of MalF. However, the study design was simple and crude, focusing mainly on the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of MalF, rather than the diagnostic accuracy of Gram staining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utility of Gram staining for diagnosis of Malassezia folliculitis

Chin

Chou

et al. 2017

The Journal of Dermatology

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Malassezia folliculitis (MalF) mimics acne vulgaris and bacterial folliculitis in clinical presentations. The role of Gram staining in rapid diagnosis of MalF has not been well studied. In our study, 32 patients were included to investigate the utility of Gram staining for MalF diagnosis. The final diagnoses of MalF were determined according to clinical presentation, pathological result and treatment response to antifungal agents. Our results show that the sensitivity and specificity of Gram staining are 84.6% and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, Gram staining is a rapid, non-invasive, sensitive and specific method for MalF diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utility of Gram staining for diagnosis of Malassezia folliculitis

Chin

Chou

et al. 2017

The Journal of Dermatology

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“…This may be attributable cither to the different viability of the individual fungal cells or to a develop mental change of the cell wall components suggested by some difference in the electron density of the cell wall in aged cultures of Pityrosporum organisms [pers. prelimi nary observation], Lim and Boey [21] mentioned a par ticulate and a homogenous pattern in Gram 's staining of the microorganisms (in Pityrosporum folliculitis). Galac tosyl-containing structures, marked by PNA [22], seem to be absent in the cell wall of Pityrosporum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Pityrosporum ovale/orbiculare</i> in Papillomatous Nevus Cell Nevi

Mittag¹,

Rupec²

1991

Dermatology

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62% of 200 papillomatous nevus cell nevi compared to 45% of 40 seborrheic keratoses showed the presence of Pityrosporum ovalelorbiculare (Malassezia furfur) on their surface supposedly representing a saprophytic state of the microorganisms in vivo. The papillomatous nevus cell nevi were of the compound or dermal type. Significant inflammation, dysplasia or major changes in color were absent. Electron microscopy revealed the characteristic, sometimes budding fungal cells. A relationship between the presence of Pityrosporum organisms and papillomatosis is discussed.

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“…In this study, the bacteria were not divided by characteristics of diseases but simply described with human infections above. Single colonies were subcultured into other tryptic soy agar (TSA, MB cell, Korea) plate at 37℃, and were double checked by Gram-staining procedures (Lim et al, 1988).…”

Section: Brief Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Inhibitory Effects of Chlorine Dioxide on Bacteria

Song¹,

Jung

2018

BSL

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Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) gas is a neutral chlorine compound. ClO 2 gas was proven to effectively decontaminate different environments, such as hospital rooms, ambulances, biosafety level 3 laboratories, and cafeterias. In this study, to evaluate the effects of ClO 2 gas, bacteria of clinical importance were applied. Staphylococci, Streptococci and Bacillus strains were applied and Klebsiella, and others e.g., Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Serratia were also done for the inhibitory analysis. Bacteria plates were applied with a hygiene stick, namely, "FarmeTok (Medistick/Puristic)" to produce ClO 2. ClO 2-releasing hygiene stick showed the very strong inhibition of bacterial growth but had different inhibitions to the bacteria above 96.7% except for MRSA of 90% inhibition. It is difficult to explain why the MRSA were not inhibited less than others at this point. It can be only suggested that more releasing ClO 2 should be essential to kill or inhibit the MRSA. B. subtilis, S. agalactiae, S. pyogenes, E. coli O157:H7, S. typhi (S. enterica serotype typhi) and S. marcesence were inhibited over 99%. This study will provide fundamental data to research growth inhibition by ClO 2 gas with bacteria of clinical importance value.

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Gram's-Stained Microscopy in the Etiological Diagnosis of Malassezia (Pityrosporon) Folliculitis

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Utility of Gram staining for diagnosis of Malassezia folliculitis

Utility of Gram staining for diagnosis of Malassezia folliculitis

<i>Pityrosporum ovale/orbiculare</i> in Papillomatous Nevus Cell Nevi

Growth Inhibitory Effects of Chlorine Dioxide on Bacteria

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