Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria elicit different patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes

Hessle, Christina; Åndersson, Bengt; Wold, Agnes E.

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2004.05.008

Cited by 141 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The low production of IL-12 could depend on the absence of MHC class II and CD40 triggering, since it occurs during T-cell antigen presentation (2,17,37). A similar pattern of cytokine production was recently found in human monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs treated with gram-positive commensal bacteria (9,10,12,32). We have also demonstrated that THP-1 cells previously stimulated with S gordonii show a reduction of their ability to engulf fluorescent beads compared with untreated THP-1 cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

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Stimulation of Human Monocytes with the Gram-Positive Vaccine VectorStreptococcus gordonii

Ciabattini

Cuppone

Pulimeno

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Streptococcus gordonii is a bacterial vaccine vector which has previously been shown to activate dendritic cells in vitro and to induce local and systemic immune responses in vivo. In the present study, human monocytes (THP-1 cell line and peripheral blood monocytes) were characterized following interaction with S. gordonii. Treatment of human monocytes with S. gordonii but not latex beads induced a clear up-regulation of CD83, CD40, CD80, and CD54 and the down-regulation of CD14. Furthermore, bacterial treatment stimulated an increased expression of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), TLR6, and TLR7, production of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta, and reduction of the phagocytic activity. This work shows that the immunostimulatory activity of S. gordonii is not restricted to induction of dendritic-cell maturation but also affects the differentiation process of human monocytes.Streptococcus gordonii is a nonpathogenic gram-positive commensal bacterium and component of the normal microbial flora of the human oral cavity (13) which was developed as a vaccine vector (20,24,26). A variety of antigens of different origins and sizes have been expressed on the surface of S. gordonii and were shown to be immunogenic by the systemic and mucosal routes (oral, nasal, vaginal, and intragastric) both in mice and in monkeys (6, 17-21, 23-25, 31). Using the model of adoptive transfer of transgenic T lymphocytes, we recently demonstrated that an antigen-specific primary activation of CD4 ϩ T cells is induced in the nasal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, draining lymph nodes, and spleen following intranasal immunization with recombinant S. gordonii (16). It has also been shown in a phase I clinical trial that S. gordonii is safe in humans when administered by the nasal/oral route and that it can be rapidly eradicated either spontaneously or with antibiotic treatment (14).The mechanisms involved in the immunostimulating activity of this vaccine vector need to be further investigated. We have previously demonstrated that S. gordonii is efficiently internalized by both murine and human dendritic cells (DCs), and it induces their maturation and activation as shown by phenotypic and functional changes (3,4,30). The model antigens expressed on the surfaces of recombinant bacteria are processed and presented by DCs not only in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II but also MHC class I molecules much more efficiently than the soluble antigen (30). Furthermore, human DCs were more efficient than B cells at presenting the heterologous antigen expressed on the surface of S. gordonii (4).Migrating DCs can originate from monocytes that continuously exit the bloodstream and enter body tissues, where they encounter differentiation (8,28,29,36). Monocytes are immature precursors with a double differentiation potential (27). It has been demonstrated that macrophages and monocyte-derived DCs can readily interconvert into one another until the late stages of their differentiatio...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The expression of TLRs was assessed by real-time RT-PCR in THP-1 cells treated for 6 h with different doses of S. gordonii (10,30, and 100 bacteria per cell). Treatment of THP-1 cells with bacteria increased the expression of several TLR mRNAs, as observed for TLR5 and TLR7 and at a lower level for TLR6 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of Human Monocytes with the Gram-Positive Vaccine VectorStreptococcus gordonii

Ciabattini

Cuppone

Pulimeno

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Stimulation of human peripheral blood monocytes and DCs with different commensal bacteria induced the production of a range of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-␣, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 (22)(23)(24)(25)(26). In addition, we showed previously that commensal Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis stimulation resulted in differential IL-10 and IL-23 production by human blood monocytes and myeloid DCs (mDCs) (27).…”

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confidence: 99%

Increased Escherichia coli-Induced Interleukin-23 Production by CD16⁺Monocytes Correlates with Systemic Immune Activation in Untreated HIV-1-Infected Individuals

Manuzak

Dillon

Lee

et al. 2013

J Virol

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The level of microbial translocation from the intestine is increased in HIV-1 infection. Proinflammatory cytokine production by peripheral antigen-presenting cells in response to translocated microbes or microbial products may contribute to systemic immune activation, a hallmark of HIV-1 infection. We investigated the cytokine responses of peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and monocytes to in vitro stimulation with commensal enteric Escherichia coli in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from untreated HIV-1-infected subjects and from uninfected controls. Levels of interleukin 23 (IL-23) produced by PBMC from HIV-1-infected subjects in response to E. coli stimulation were significantly higher than those produced by PBMC from uninfected subjects. IL-23 was produced primarily by CD16 ؉ monocytes. This subset of monocytes was increased in frequency and expressed higher levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in HIV-1-infected individuals than in controls. Blocking TLR4 on total CD14؉ monocytes reduced IL-23 production in response to E. coli stimulation. Levels of soluble CD27, an indicator of systemic immune activation, were elevated in HIV-1-infected subjects and were associated with the percentage of CD16؉ monocytes and the induction of IL-23 by E. coli, providing a link between these parameters and systemic inflammation. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-23 produced by CD16؉ monocytes in response to microbial stimulation may contribute to systemic immune activation in HIV-1-infected individuals.

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“…Therefore, we hypothesized that inflammatory molecules in the serum may provide information for identifying bacterial species. Gram-negative bacteria induce higher levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-8 compared with gram-positive bacteria in human monocytes (29)(30)(31). To the best of our knowledge, there are few studies reporting whether cytokines or chemokines could be markers to distinguish infection of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria in patient serum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It is reported that procalcitonin, but not CRP and WBC counts, is associated with gram-negative bacteria (28). Due to the different components of the cell (29,30). Therefore, we hypothesized that inflammatory molecules in the serum may provide information for identifying bacterial species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory molecules expression pattern for identifying pathogen species in febrile patient serum

Liu

Lin

et al. 2016

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract.Inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines and chemokines, have been considered markers for bacterial or viral infection in serum of patients in numerous studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether we were able to identify the pathogen species through patterns of inflammatory molecules. A total of 132 patients with elevated body temperature (tympanic temperature, >38.3˚C) were recruited for this study. The concentrations of various inflammatory molecules in the patients' serum were evaluated using a cytometric bead array. Higher concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were detected in bacterial infection groups (patients with positive and negative blood cultures), as compared with the viral infection group. Viral infection (including influenza and dengue viral infections) was associated with higher concentrations of interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), as compared with the bacterial infection group. In addition, IL-8 levels in the gram-negative bacteria group were higher, as compared with the gram-positive bacteria group. However, IL-8 was insufficient for bacterial species identification. By contrast, dengue virus infection induced the highest serum level of IP-10 among all groups. In conclusion, detection of the patterns of inflammatory molecules may aid the subsequent management and treatment modalities in hospitals, although evaluation of these molecules alone may be insufficient for identifying the pathogen species.

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Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria elicit different patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes

Cited by 141 publications

References 26 publications

Stimulation of Human Monocytes with the Gram-Positive Vaccine VectorStreptococcus gordonii

Stimulation of Human Monocytes with the Gram-Positive Vaccine VectorStreptococcus gordonii

Increased Escherichia coli-Induced Interleukin-23 Production by CD16⁺Monocytes Correlates with Systemic Immune Activation in Untreated HIV-1-Infected Individuals

Inflammatory molecules expression pattern for identifying pathogen species in febrile patient serum

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Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria elicit different patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes

Cited by 141 publications

References 26 publications

Stimulation of Human Monocytes with the Gram-Positive Vaccine VectorStreptococcus gordonii

Stimulation of Human Monocytes with the Gram-Positive Vaccine VectorStreptococcus gordonii

Increased Escherichia coli-Induced Interleukin-23 Production by CD16+Monocytes Correlates with Systemic Immune Activation in Untreated HIV-1-Infected Individuals

Inflammatory molecules expression pattern for identifying pathogen species in febrile patient serum

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Increased Escherichia coli-Induced Interleukin-23 Production by CD16⁺Monocytes Correlates with Systemic Immune Activation in Untreated HIV-1-Infected Individuals