Gram-negative endocarditis

Reyes, Milagros P.; Reyes, Katherine

doi:10.1007/s11908-008-0044-5

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Despite the very rare occurrence of IE caused by Salmonella species in North America, this syndrome deserves specific mention because it occurs with some frequency in other geographic areas. 222 Salmonella species have a proclivity to infect cardiovascular structures in adults. Therefore, all patients with bloodstream infection resulting from Salmonella species should be evaluated for complicating cardiovascular infections, including IE, myocarditis, pericarditis, and endarteritis.…”

Section: Non-hacek Gram-negative Bacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many serotypes have been implicated, most cases are caused by S choleraesuis, S typhimurium, and S enteritidis. 222 Cardiac surgery in combination with prolonged courses of combined antibiotic therapy is reasonable for most patients with IE caused by non-HACEK Gram-negative aerobic bacilli, particularly in the setting of left-sided valvular involvement.…”

Section: Non-hacek Gram-negative Bacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications

Baddour¹,

Wilson²,

Bayer³

et al. 2015

Circulation

2,458

1,421

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Background— Infective endocarditis is a potentially lethal disease that has undergone major changes in both host and pathogen. The epidemiology of infective endocarditis has become more complex with today’s myriad healthcare-associated factors that predispose to infection. Moreover, changes in pathogen prevalence, in particular a more common staphylococcal origin, have affected outcomes, which have not improved despite medical and surgical advances. Methods and Results— This statement updates the 2005 iteration, both of which were developed by the American Heart Association under the auspices of the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease of the Young. It includes an evidence-based system for diagnostic and treatment recommendations used by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association for treatment recommendations. Conclusions— Infective endocarditis is a complex disease, and patients with this disease generally require management by a team of physicians and allied health providers with a variety of areas of expertise. The recommendations provided in this document are intended to assist in the management of this uncommon but potentially deadly infection. The clinical variability and complexity in infective endocarditis, however, dictate that these recommendations be used to support and not supplant decisions in individual patient management.

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Section: Non-hacek Gram-negative Bacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-hacek Gram-negative Bacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications

Baddour¹,

Wilson²,

Bayer³

et al. 2015

Circulation

2,458

1,421

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, acquisition is often healthcare-related. Although appropriate antimicrobial treatment may consist of a third-or fourth-generation cephalosporin plus an aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone, the increasingly recognized antibiotic resistance of these organisms requires that treatment schedules be tailored to the actual susceptibility pattern of the isolate [6].…”

Section: Fermenting Bacilli and Enterobacteriaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early valve replacement is usually needed for patients with cardiac failure and is mandatory in cases of persistent sepsis in the face of effective antimicrobial therapy and in those patients who relapse after discontinuation of antibiotics. Prosthetic valve involvement is better treated with urgent surgery and aggressive medical therapy, as it may show a rapidly fatal course [6].…”

Section: Fermenting Bacilli and Enterobacteriaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of Gram-negative and fungal endocarditis

Durante‐Mangoni

Tripodi

Albisinni

et al. 2010

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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Infective endocarditis is infrequently caused by Gram-negative bacteria or fungi.Gram-negative organisms are responsible for <4% of cases, while fungal endocarditis accounts for <1.5% of culture-positive cases worldwide. Endocarditis due to Gram-negative organisms or fungi is a rare but severe disease. It often has a nosocomial origin, is caused by virulent and often resistant organisms and presents a high rate of complications and high mortality. In this article we present the most recent literature data and address the current management of Gram-negative and fungal infective endocarditis. We also discuss the major challenges of antimicrobial treatment and discuss some issues related to surgical decision-making in difficult-tomanage cases. We finally present our centre's experience with Gram-negative infective endocarditis, with a special focus on the demanding issues that the management of these complex and severely ill patients raise.

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Infective endocarditis caused by Enterobacteriaceae: phenotypic and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

et al. 2021

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The etiological agent for infective endocarditis (IE), a life-threatening disease, is usually gram-positive bacteria. However, gram-negative bacteria can rarely cause IE and 4% of cases are associated with morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to characterize Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the blood of patients with IE. The characteristics of blood isolates were compared with those of urinary isolates from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). The results of this study revealed that K. pneumoniae isolates from patients with IE were phylogenetically related to those from patients with UTI. Additionally, the resistance phenotype, resistance gene, virulence gene, and plasmid profiles were similar between the blood and urinary isolates. The isolates belonging to the sequence types (STs) 76, 36, 101 (K. pneumoniae), and 69 (E. coli) are reported to be associated with drug resistance. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients with IE did not produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase or carbapenemase. Additionally, this study investigated the virulence phenotype, biofilm formation ability, and the ability to adhere to the epithelial cells in vitro of the isolates. The isolates from patients with IE exhibited weaker biofilm formation ability than the urinary isolates. All isolates from patients with IE could adhere to the renal epithelial cells. However, three isolates from patients with UTIs could not adhere to the epithelial cells. The closely related K. pneumoniae isolates (648, KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP4) could not form biofilms or adhere to the epithelial cells. In summary, the molecular analysis revealed that the genetic characteristics of IE-causing K. pneumoniae and E. coli were similar to those of UTI-causing isolates. These isolates belonged to the STs that are considered treatable. Genetically similar isolates did not exhibit the same virulence phenotype. Thus, these non-hypervirulent clones must be monitored as they can cause complex infections in susceptible hosts.

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Gram-negative endocarditis

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications

Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications

Management of Gram-negative and fungal endocarditis

Infective endocarditis caused by Enterobacteriaceae: phenotypic and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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