Grain size distribution and its effect on the permeability of unconsolidated sands

Masch, Frank D.; Denny, Kleber J.

doi:10.1029/wr002i004p00665

Cited by 175 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Tyc et al [1988] also demonstrated that the use of a geometric model accounting for a bimodal distribution of particle sizes (sand and clay) improved the prediction of the permittivity and conductivity with measurements on rocks. Masch and Denny [1966] presented similar findings for hydraulic conductivity. In an experimental study they demonstrated reduced permeability for unconsolidated sands with a bimodal particle size distribution as compared with a unimodal distribution.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Effect of particle size distribution on the effective dielectric permittivity of saturated granular media

Robinson¹,

Friedman²

2001

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. The effective permittivity of an unconsolidated porous material is shown to be not only a function of the permittivity of the individual components but also of the distribution of particle sizes present. Increasing width of particle size distribution for glass spheres and sieved quartz sand is demonstrated to reduce the effective permittivity of a mixture compared to the effective permittivity of the corresponding monosize material. The results are shown to lie between predictions made using the Maxwell-Garnett [1904] formula for monosize spheres and a self-similar model [Sen et al., 1981] and can be predicted by a multiple Maxwell-Garnett-based mixing model. The results demonstrate that the degree of sorting of a material will directly influence the effective permittivity of the mixture. This is beyond the effect of the change in permittivity caused by the significant change in porosity resulting from the mixing of different particle sizes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Effect of particle size distribution on the effective dielectric permittivity of saturated granular media

Robinson¹,

Friedman²

2001

Water Resources Research

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“…By applying the predictive method of Masch and Denny (1966), hydraulic conductivity has been determined for 223 samples, systematically collected during drilling operations at regular intervals from 8 boreholes drilled in and around ECW. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer material of different depths varies from 6 m/day to about 55 m/day.…”

Section: Groundwater Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding wetland sub-surface hydrology using geologic and isotopic signatures

Sikdar

Sahu

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper attempts to utilize hydrogeology and isotope composition of groundwater to understand the present hydrological processes prevalent in a freshwater wetland, source of wetland groundwater, surface water/groundwater interaction and mixing of groundwater of various depth zones in the aquifer. This study considers East Calcutta Wetlands (ECW) -a freshwater peri-urban inland wetland ecosystem located at the lower part of the deltaic alluvial plain of South Bengal Basin and east of Kolkata city. This wetland is well known over the world for its resource recovery systems, developed by local people through ages, using wastewater of the city. Geological investigations reveal that the sub-surface geology is completely blanketed by the Quaternary sediments comprising a succession of silty clay, sand of various grades and sand mixed with occasional gravels and thin intercalations of silty clay. At few places the top silty clay layer is absent due to scouring action of past channels. In these areas sand is present throughout the geological column and the areas are vulnerable to groundwater pollution. Groundwater mainly flows from east to west and is being over-extracted to the tune of 65×10 3 m 3 /day. δ 18 O and δD values of shallow and deep groundwater are similar indicating resemblance in hydrostratigraphy and climate of the recharge areas. Groundwater originates mainly from monsoonal rain with some evaporation prior to or during infiltration and partly from bottom of ponds, canals and infiltration of groundwater withdrawn for irrigation. Relatively high tritium content of the shallow groundwater indicates local recharge, while the deep groundwater with very low tritium is recharged mainly from distant areas. At places the deep aquifer has relatively high tritium, indicating mix-ing of groundwater of shallow and deep aquifers. Metals such as copper, lead, arsenic, cadmium, aluminium, nickel and chromium are also present in groundwater of various depths. Therefore, aquifers of wetland and surrounding urban areas which are heavily dependent on groundwater are vulnerable to pollution. In the area south of ECW isotope data indicates no interaction between shallow and deep aquifer and hence this area may be a better location to treat sewage water than within ECW. To reduce the threat of pollution in ECW's aquifer, surface water-groundwater interaction should be minimized by regulating tubewell operation time, introducing treated surface water supply system and artificial recharging of the aquifer.

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“…Hydraulic conductivities are based on grain size and sorting and are probably conservatively low (Masch and Denny, 1966). Hydraulic conductivity was not determined for beds of the sand aquifer that are poorly sorted (high uniformity coefficient) or have a bimodal grainsize distribution.…”

Section: Geology Of Unconsolidated Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L 84 16 ' 95 5 J 5 Derived from family of<r curves plotted on graph of D,-n vs. K (Masch and Denny, 1966). Not determined for samples with either a bimodal particle-size distribution or a C greater than 5.0.…”

Section: Metersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a proposed connector well, northeastern DeSoto County, Florida

Hutchinson¹,

Wilson²

1974

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April 3-6, 1974.____________________________________________________ 16. Abstracts At a 24,000-acre citrus grove, a connector well is proposed as a resourcemanagement tool for capturing water normally lost through evapotranspiration and by excess runoff. Such a well would connect the surficial sand aquifer with the deep, highly transmissive limestone Floridan Aquifer. Because of natural head differences, water would move by gravity flow from the sand into the Floridan Aquifer, thus replenishing water withdrawn for irrigation from the Floridan Aquifer. A 70-acre marsh was selected as the test site based on analyses of hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and water quality. Recharge rate through the connector well under steady-state conditions is estimated at 160 gallons per minute. The proposed connector well is designed to have 10-inch screens opposite zones in the 45-foot thick sand aquifer, be cased for 400 feet opposite confining beds and a secondary limestone aquifer, and be open hole for about 250 feet in the Floridan Aquifer. A graded-sand filter pack placed around the screened sections of the well will increase its efficiency. A connector well is proposed as a resource-management tool for capturing water normally lost through evapotransipration and by runoff in a 24,000-acre (9,700-hectare) citrus grove in northeastern DeSoto County. The well would connect the surficial sand aquifer with the deep, highly transmissive Floridan limestone aquifer. Because of natural head differences, water would move by gravity flow from the upper into the lower aquifer. An investigation was conducted to determine the hydrologic and geologic suitability of the area for connector wells, and to design a test connector well and estimate its probable yield.A 70-acre (28-hectare) marsh was selected for a test site. The sand aquifer, about 45 feet (14 meters) thick, consists of an upper fine sand unit and a lower medium-coarse sand unit, separated by a clay bed 5 feet (1.5 meters) thick. Transmissivity of this aquifer is about 1,750 square feet (163 square meters) per day. Under natural conditions, the water table is about 40 feet (12 meters) above the potentiometric surface of the Floridan Aquifer. Water in the sand aquifer is of suitable quality for recharging the Floridan Aquifer.Estimated recharge rate of the proposed connector well is about 160 gallons per minute (10.7 liters per second) under steady-state conditions, Recharge rates can probably be increased by installing subsurface drain tiles, flooding the marsh surface, and perforating the clay bed in the sand aquifer.The proposed connector well is designed to have two sand-packed screens, 10 inches (25 centimeters) in diameter, one in the upper and the other in the lower unit of the sand aquifer; about 400 feet (120 meters) of 6-inch (15-centimeter) casing through confining beds and a secondary limestone aquifer; and about 250 feet (76 meters) of open hole in the Floridan Aquifer.

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Grain size distribution and its effect on the permeability of unconsolidated sands

Cited by 175 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of particle size distribution on the effective dielectric permittivity of saturated granular media

Effect of particle size distribution on the effective dielectric permittivity of saturated granular media

Understanding wetland sub-surface hydrology using geologic and isotopic signatures

Evaluation of a proposed connector well, northeastern DeSoto County, Florida

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