Grain size dependence of twinning behaviors and resultant cryogenic impact toughness in high manganese austenitic steel

Influence of DIMT on impact toughness: Relationship between crack propagation and the α′-martensite morphology in austenitic steel

“…Grain refinement provides a high density of large-angle grain boundaries, which is beneficial for crack deflection. However, for austenitic steel with complex deformation behavior, crack propagation energy usually increases with the increasing grain sizes [46][47][48][49]. Wang et al [46] claimed that the impact toughness is independent of the austenite grain size in high-Mn steel, and the crack propagation energy is related to the density of ∑ 3 special grain boundaries (i.e.…”

“…twinning boundaries). Chen et al [47][48][49] studied high-Mn austenitic steels and claimed that the high toughness of the coarse grain steel is related to the more twinning systems that occur in CG steels, which brings significant dynamic grain refinement and relatively homogeneous plastic deformation. Similar observations can be found in the present CG and UCG steels where the change in grain sizes has a minimal influence on E p .…”

Characterization of deformation-induced martensite with various AGSs upon Charpy impact loading and correlation with transformation mechanisms

“…AGSs are believed to play an important role in the deformation mechanism [26,27]. Previous studies have found that the overlapping SFs of austenite may be related to AGSs [28,29]. The SFE including the AGSs effect is called the 'apparent' SFE by J Y Lee [23].…”

Casting properties of ASTM A128 Gr. E1 steel modified with Mn-alloying and titanium ladle treatment

“…Plastic deformation mechanism is only dislocation slip in BCC steels. However, twinning, which greatly depends on grain size, is the main secondary deformation mechanism in face-centered cubic (FCC) austenitic manganese steels besides dislocation slip [24] . Due to the twinning effect being more active in greater grain size [18,25] , Charpy impact energy for the alloy with 0.05wt.% Ti decreases 9% in comparation to ASTM A128 Gr.…”