Grain-resolved elastic strains in deformed copper measured by three-dimensional X-ray diffraction

Oddershede, Jette; Schmidt, Søren; Poulsen, Henning Friis; Margulies, L.; Wright, Jonathan P.; Moscicki, M.; Reimers, W.; Winther, Grethe

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2011.04.020

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Under the assumption that no grains in this sample actually rotate, we conclude that the distribution of measured changes in orientation reflects the reproducibility with which we can determine a crystallite's true orientation. The value of 0.06°i s close to other values reported in the literature for the 3DXRD technique (40).…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Like the two Al-Cu specimens, the Al-Mg sample was heated ex situ and characterized by 3DXRD between annealing steps. Because the Al-Mg sample is completely recrystallized, with a relatively large grain size (∼200 μm) and no liquid phase (V V = 1), its constituent crystallites must be highly constrained; at the moderate annealing temperature of 400°C, it is safe to assume that any grain rotations that occur in this sample during coarsening are well below the detection limit of the 3DXRD technique (∼ 0.05°) (40). Therefore, based on repeated measurements of this sample, we can estimate the uncertainty inherent in the Δθ values yielded by our experimental procedure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct observation of grain rotations during coarsening of a semisolid Al–Cu alloy

Dake

Oddershede

Sørensen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Sintering is a key technology for processing ceramic and metallic powders into solid objects of complex geometry, particularly in the burgeoning field of energy storage materials. The modeling of sintering processes, however, has not kept pace with applications. Conventional models, which assume ideal arrangements of constituent powders while ignoring their underlying crystallinity, achieve at best a qualitative description of the rearrangement, densification, and coarsening of powder compacts during thermal processing. Treating a semisolid Al-Cu alloy as a model system for late-stage sintering-during which densification plays a subordinate role to coarsening-we have used 3D X-ray diffraction microscopy to track the changes in sample microstructure induced by annealing. The results establish the occurrence of significant particle rotations, driven in part by the dependence of boundary energy on crystallographic misorientation. Evidently, a comprehensive model for sintering must incorporate crystallographic parameters into the thermodynamic driving forces governing microstructural evolution.3D microstructural evolution | sintering | Ostwald ripening | grain rotation | x-ray imaging W hether we realize it or not, our daily lives are marked by encounters with sintering, ranging from natural rock formations and glaciers to artificial products like the porcelain from which we eat or the amalgam fillings in many teeth. Sintering is an efficient method for combining loose granular precursors into solid objects of predetermined shape at relatively low temperature, circumventing the processing route of melting, casting, and machining. The applications of sintering are widespread. For example, it is the predominant method for producing bulk technical ceramics (1), and, thanks to advances in powder metallurgy, sintering is of growing importance in the fabrication of metals, as well (2). The focus in recent years on nanostructured materials-specifically, on materials for energy storage and conversion-has intensified the scientific investigation and modeling of sintering processes. The latter find application in the production of fuel cells (3) and battery electrodes (4). In other applications, such as catalysis (5), sintering can be highly undesirable, as it reduces the connectivity of pores and the free surface of nanoparticles. In all of these cases, we need a firm understanding of sintering fundamentals to achieve and retain desired materials properties during thermal processing.The reduction in free energy that accompanies the removal of a powder compact's surface area is the driving force behind sintering (2, 6). When two particles come into contact, two free surfaces are replaced by a single solid/solid boundary. If the particles are crystalline, the new interface is a grain boundary, the (excess) energy of which is generally on the order of one-third of that of a (single) free surface of equal area (6); consequently, the sintering process results in a net release of energy. As free surface area decreases, the powder ...

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of grain rotations during coarsening of a semisolid Al–Cu alloy

Dake

Oddershede

Sørensen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…As the technique is nondestructive it enables studies of the same set of bulk grains before and after some external stimuli, e.g. elastic [5][6][7] and plastic deformation [8][9][10][11] or thermal annealing [12][13][14]. Several experimental set-ups are possible, each with specific advantages, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation-induced orientation spread in individual bulk grains of an interstitial-free steel

et al. 2015

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“…[50] These techniques provide previously inaccessible microstructural information on polycrystalline materials, including in situ 3D imaging of local crystal orientation and stresses, enabled by the collection of multiple diffraction patterns obtained by rotating the sample as it is deformed. Near-field HEDM [51,52] allows characterization of crystal orientation fields in the form of voxelized microstructural images, while far-field HEDM [53,54] provides local micromechanical information in the form of average stresses/elastic strains in the single-crystal grains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Solidification Processing to Microstructure to Mechanical Properties: A Multi-scale X-ray Study of an Al-Cu Alloy Sample

Tourret

Mertens

Lieberman

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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We follow an Al-12 at. pct Cu alloy sample from the liquid state to mechanical failure, using in situ X-ray radiography during directional solidification and tensile testing, as well as three-dimensional computed tomography of the microstructure before and after mechanical testing. The solidification processing stage is simulated with a multi-scale dendritic needle network model, and the micromechanical behavior of the solidified microstructure is simulated using voxelized tomography data and an elasto-viscoplastic fast Fourier transform model. This study demonstrates the feasibility of direct in situ monitoring of a metal alloy microstructure from the liquid processing stage up to its mechanical failure, supported by quantitative simulations of microstructure formation and its mechanical behavior.

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Grain-resolved elastic strains in deformed copper measured by three-dimensional X-ray diffraction

Cited by 59 publications

References 32 publications

Direct observation of grain rotations during coarsening of a semisolid Al–Cu alloy

Direct observation of grain rotations during coarsening of a semisolid Al–Cu alloy

Deformation-induced orientation spread in individual bulk grains of an interstitial-free steel

From Solidification Processing to Microstructure to Mechanical Properties: A Multi-scale X-ray Study of an Al-Cu Alloy Sample

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