Grain refinement and mechanical properties for AISI304 stainless steel single-tracks by laser melting deposition: Mathematical modelling versus experimental results

Mahmood, Muhammad Arif; Popescu, Andrei C.; Oane, Mihai; Chioibasu, Diana; Popescu-Pelin, Gianina; Ristoscu, Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2021.103880

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Improvements in hardness caused by nanocrystallization can be explained by the grain refinement phenomenon (Hall–Petch effect). Based on previous investigations of grain refinement and its effect on the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel, a hardness of 5.5 GPa was expected for stainless steel with an average grain size of 80 nm 52 , and the hardness measured for the nanocrystalline microstructure of the heat-treated stainless steel microfibers was more than twice that. Therefore, the local inhomogeneities observed for the microstructure (an amorphous layer covering nanocrystalline grains and an accumulation of certain elements in some grains observed by HRTEM), along with the Hall–Petch effect, could enhance the hardness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fabrication of stainless-steel microfibers with amorphous-nanosized microstructure with enhanced mechanical properties

Sharifikolouei

Sarac

Zheng

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Metallic glasses (MG) have attracted much attention due to their superior hardness and good corrosion resistance. However, designing new MG compositions is still a big challenge, and their integration into different systems is limited when they are in the shape of bulk materials. Here, we present a new method for the fabrication of MG in the form of microfibers which could greatly help them to be integrated within different systems. The newly proposed technique has the ability to form MG structure from commercially available alloy compositions thanks to its significantly improved quenching rate(~ 108 K.s−1). In this technique, individual melt droplets are ejected on a rotating wheel forming a thin film which are ruptured upon solidification leading to the formation of MG microfibers. In this regard, we have fabricated microfibers from a commercial DIN 1.4401 stainless-steel which could form a completely amorphous structure confirmed by DSC, XRD, and HRTEM. The fabricated MG microfibers show an increased hardness for more than two-fold from 3.5 ± 0.17 GPa for the as-received stainless-steel to 7.77 ± 0.60 GPa for the amorphous microfibers. Subsequent heat-treatment of the microfibers resulted in a nanocrystalline structure with the presence of amorphous regions when the hardness increases even further to 13.5 ± 2.0 GPa. We propose that confinement of both shear transformation zones and dislocations in the heat-treated MG microfibers plays a major role in enhancing strength.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fabrication of stainless-steel microfibers with amorphous-nanosized microstructure with enhanced mechanical properties

Sharifikolouei

Sarac

Zheng

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The results indicate that LST applied to MASS results in an increase in the surface fraction occupied by fine grains in the majority of the samples and therefore demonstrates the capability of laser treatments to promote grain refinement in the examined materials. The rapid solidification and subsequent cooling after laser pass facilitate the development of a refined grain structure because elevated cooling rates effectively hinder the growth of grains, leading to a reduction in grain size relative to the original microstructure [64,65]. As a result, LST enables the attainment of The notable elevation in the percentage of the α'-martensite phase within pattern (b) can be explicitly ascribed to the accelerated cooling rate and substantial thermal gradient encountered during the laser surface modification process.…”

Section: Microstructural Changes Under the Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effect of Nanosecond Laser Surface Texturing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 301LN

Rezayat,

Besharatloo,

Mateo

2023

Metals

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This study explores pulsed Nd:YLF laser surface modification (LSM) effects on AISI 301LN stainless steel. Laser-treated surfaces underwent SEM characterization, revealing patterns and irregularities. Higher heat input surfaces showed significant microstructural changes, while lower heat input surfaces experienced less alteration. Increased laser spot overlap led to larger exposed areas and higher heat input, influencing groove width, depth, and surface roughness. Three-dimensional reconstructions illustrated the correlation between laser parameters and surface characteristics. XRD (X-ray diffraction analysis) and EBSD (Electron backscatter diffraction) analyses revealed a transformation from austenite to martensite, with an increase in the α’-martensite phase, particularly in patterns with high laser power, attributed to rapid cooling during laser modification. Grain size analysis indicated a 42% reduction post-treatment, enhancing the surface fraction of fine grains. Hardness measurements demonstrated an overall increase in laser-treated samples, linked to fine-grained microstructure formation, induced residual stresses, and the α’-martensitic phase.

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“…This model was computationally efficient and was able to estimate results with an accuracy up to 10% mean absolute deviations. A model to estimate average grain size and mechanical properties, based on primary operating parameters, was presented [114]. This model was able to predict results with 8% mean absolute deviations.…”

Section: Modelling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Coatings via State-of-the-Art Additive Manufacturing: A Review

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Ceramics and ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composites (CMMCs) demonstrate high wear resistance, excellent chemical inertness, and exceptional properties at elevated temperatures. These characteristics are suitable for their utilization in biomedical, aerospace, electronics, and other high-end engineering industries. The aforementioned performances make them difficult to fabricate via conventional manufacturing methods, requiring high costs and energy consumption. To overcome these issues, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) techniques, with high-power laser beams, were developed and extensively employed for processing ceramics and ceramic-reinforced CMMCs-based coatings. In respect to other LAM processes, laser melting deposition (LMD) excels in several aspects, such as high coating efficiency and lower labor cost. Nevertheless, difficulties such as poor bonding between coating and substrate, cracking, and reduced toughness are still encountered in some LMD coatings. In this article, we review recent developments in the LMD of ceramics and CMMCs-based coatings. Issues and solutions, along with development trends, are discussed and summarized in support of implementing this technology for current industrial use.

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Grain refinement and mechanical properties for AISI304 stainless steel single-tracks by laser melting deposition: Mathematical modelling versus experimental results

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Fabrication of stainless-steel microfibers with amorphous-nanosized microstructure with enhanced mechanical properties

Fabrication of stainless-steel microfibers with amorphous-nanosized microstructure with enhanced mechanical properties

Investigating the Effect of Nanosecond Laser Surface Texturing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 301LN

Laser Coatings via State-of-the-Art Additive Manufacturing: A Review

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