Grain isozyme and ribosomal DNA variability in Hordeum spontaneum populations from Israel

Chalmers, K. J.; Waugh, Robbie; Watters, Jenny; Forster, B. P.; Nevo, Eviatar; Abbott, Richard J.; Powell, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00229489

Cited by 54 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Importantly, as a guide for collection and conservation of germplasm, a correlation betw^een drought tolerance and a marker on the long arm of chromosome 4 has been demonstrated in wild barley (Chalmers et al, 1992). Application of stable isotope measurements in breeding programmes has not been fully investigated, but Voltas et al (1996) have reported that the relationships between S^^C measurements and yield in barley varied with environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mapping physiological traits in barley

Ellis¹,

Forster²,

Waugh³

et al. 1997

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYAmplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) offer a reproducible, multiplex DNA assay by which to genotype mapping populations. We have evaluated physiological traits in barley seedlings grown in an hydroponic system and given a salt treatment. Multiple regression was used to show associations between AFLPs and quantitative traits. Effects at different loci were detected in stress treatments in comparison to the control implying that either novel gene action was induced by salt stress or that normal activity was reduced to a low level where alternate gene action is revealed. The QTLs occurred on all chromosomes but there appeared to be clusters of loci on chromosomes 1 (7H), 4 (4H), 5 (lH) and 6 (6H). The significance of our results is discussed in the context of studies to explore the barley genome and the application of the results of these genetical analyses to barley breeding.

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confidence: 99%

Mapping physiological traits in barley

Ellis¹,

Forster²,

Waugh³

et al. 1997

New Phytologist

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“…Considerable allelic and haplotype diversity is found among wild barley populations (Nevo et al 1979(Nevo et al , 1986aSnow and Brody 1984;Jana et al 1987;Chalmers et al 1992;Dawson et al 1993;Badr et al 2000;Lin et al 2001Lin et al , 2002Morrell et al 2003Morrell et al , 2005. Evidence favoring a monophyletic, or possibly diphyletic, domestication of barley in the Jordan valley (Badr et al 2000;Salamini et al 2004) would predict a reduction of nucleotide diversity in alleles found among gene pools of domesticated versus wild Hordeum accessions in the wake of domestication bottlenecks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Haplotype structure at seven barley genes: relevance to gene pool bottlenecks, phylogeny of ear type and site of barley domestication

et al. 2006

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Archaeological remains indicate that the origin of western agriculture occurred in a brief period about 10,500 years ago in a region of the Middle East known as the Fertile Crescent, where the wild progenitors of several key agricultural cereal species are endemic. Domestication entailed the appearance of agronomic traits such as seed size and threshability. For a representative sample of 20 domesticated barley (Hordeum vulgare) lines, including 13 two-rowed and 7 six-rowed varieties, we determined the haplotypes at seven loci-Adh2, Adh3, Amy1, Dhn9, GAPDH, PEPC and WAXY encompassing 5,616 bases per line-and compared them to the haplotypes at the same loci for 25 wild forms (Hordeum spontaneum) collected within and outside the Fertile Crescent. In comparisons of wild versus domesticated barley, the number of haplotypes (70 vs. 17), average nucleotide diversity, , (0.0077 vs. 0.0028), and Watterson's theta at silent sites (0.0104 vs. 0.0028) was reduced in domesticated lines. Two loci, Amy1 and PEPC, were monomorphic in domesticated lines; Amy1 and GAPDH produced signiWcant values of Tajima's D. At GAPDH, was slightly higher in domesticated than wild forms, due to divergent high-frequency haplotypes; for the remaining six loci, 87% of nucleotide diversity has been lost in the domesticated forms. Bottlenecks acting on neutrally evolving loci either during the domestication process, during subsequent breeding, or both, are suYcient to account for reduced diversity and the results of Tajima's test, without the need to evoke selection at these loci. Phylogenetic networks data uncover distinct wild and domesticated barley genotypes and suggest that barley may have been domesticated in the Jordan valley. Because, based on AFLP data, the domesticated Turkish cultivars had a genetic basis as large as that present in large germplasm collections, all comparisons provided in this paper are of general value more than being restricted to the Turkish barley germplasm.

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“…6 and 7). Moreover, it is known from literature that some biological implications of the IGS size variation are related to general metabolism (Cluster et al 1987) and to ecological differentiation influencing the environmental adaptation (Flavell et al 1986a, Chalmers et al 1992). Samples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 According to Reeder (1989), at least six control elements are present in the IGS of ribosomal genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribosomal RNA genes of Phaseolus coccineus V. Relationship between rDNA phenotype and somatic differentiation

et al. 1998

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Summary. Size variations in the intergenic spacer of ribosomalDNA were detected between individual plants of openly pollinated Phaseolus coccineus. Eleven days after sowing, two plant samples were examined: slowly developing plants with a length less than 40 cm; and fast developing plants with a length greater than 70 cm. The two samples were characterized by different plant weight and, at maturity, by highly distinctive seed yield. They also exhibited distinct patterns of protein expression as analyzed by 2-D electrophoresis. In particular a 38 kDa protein, related to malate dehydrogenase on the basis of its N-terminal sequence, was present at higher concentration and higher activity levels in fast developing plants. Intergenic spacer length variants were detected in both samples at approximately 180 bp intervals. More than one spacer length variant was present in each individual plant. At least 13 different intergenic spacer hybridization patterns were in fact detected: some patterns occurred equally in both slowly and fast developing samples while the majority of patterns was significantly different between the two samples.Keywords: Two-dimensional

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Grain isozyme and ribosomal DNA variability in Hordeum spontaneum populations from Israel

Cited by 54 publications

References 19 publications

Mapping physiological traits in barley

Mapping physiological traits in barley

Haplotype structure at seven barley genes: relevance to gene pool bottlenecks, phylogeny of ear type and site of barley domestication

Ribosomal RNA genes of Phaseolus coccineus V. Relationship between rDNA phenotype and somatic differentiation

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