Grain development in wheat under combined heat and drought stress: Plant responses and management

Zahra, Noreen; Wahid, Abdul; Hafeez, Muhammad Bilal; Ullah, Aman; Siddique, Kadambot H. M.; Farooq, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104517

Cited by 68 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Furthermore, the annual evaporation in rainfed areas of China exceeds 830 mm, leading to severe drought conditions throughout the growth period of winter wheat (Zhang et al, 2016). The developmental stages of winter wheat, particularly the grain filling, are most susceptible to drought stress (Farooq et al, 2014; Hlavacova et al, 2018; Zahra et al, 2021). During the grain‐filling stage of winter wheat in the loess plateau of China, insufficient light due to clouds cover further aggravated this situation and caused yield loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shading under drought stress during grain filling attenuates photosynthesis, grain yield and quality of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China

Naseer

Hussain

Nengyan

et al. 2021

J Agronomy Crop Science

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In the Loess Plateau region of China, winter wheat often undergoes prolonged cloudy days without rain which may affect the grain yield and quality. This study examined the impacts of shading and drought conditions during the grain‐filling period of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on photosynthesis, grain yield and quality traits in a greenhouse experiment. The imposed shading and irrigation‐deficit treatments were corresponded with naturally cloudy weather in the rainfed area. Five shading treatments, 15 days shading (SD15); 12 days shading (SD12); 9 days shading (SD9); 6 days shading (SD6); and 3 days shading (SD3), and four irrigation treatments: full irrigation (I100); 75% of full irrigation (I75); 50% of full irrigation (I50); and 25% of full irrigation (I25), were applied after completion of flowering. The results showed that shading during grain filling decreased the grain yield and individual grain weight irrespective of the dry or wet conditions of the soil. Plant height increased with a decrease in shading duration to favour the efficient capturing of light. The reduction in the rate of photosynthesis was noted with an increase in the drought intensity. Shading significantly reduced the grain protein contents and increased the grain starch contents. In conclusion, shading for a long duration (SD15, SD12 and SD9) and drought stress (I25) during the grain‐filling stage significantly decreased the yield and grain quality of winter wheat. The shading of few days without drought (I100: SD3, SD6 and SD9) improved the plant height, photosynthetic activity and increased the distribution of dry matter from vegetative organs to grains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shading under drought stress during grain filling attenuates photosynthesis, grain yield and quality of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China

Naseer

Hussain

Nengyan

et al. 2021

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…The decline in starch synthesis is due to the sensitivity of soluble starch synthase and glucose pyrophosphorylase to high temperatures (34°C; Yang et al, 2018). High temperature reduces the capacity of grains to upload available carbohydrates, decreasing grain weight and yield (Zahra et al, 2021). Moreover, during heat stress, grain set and grain development sensitivity are linked to the lack of carbohydrate supply and the response of plant growth regulators, including ethylene (Cossani & Reynolds, 2013).…”

Section: Carbohydrate Availability and Grain Abortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress effects on the reproductive physiology and yield of wheat

Ullah

Nadeem²,

Nawaz³

et al. 2021

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Climate change is adversely affecting wheat yields as the associated rising temperatures damage its reproductive physiology. Heat stress affects wheat at various stages of growth, but flowering and reproductive phases are the most sensitive to high temperatures as flower opening usually occurs in cooler environments. Heat stress at meiosis causes ovule and pollen sterility along with anther dehiscence. During pollen development, temperatures >30°C cause pollen abortion. At anthesis, heat stress limits resource translocation to developing grain, resulting in small grain and low yields. During grain development, heat stress shortens the grain-filling duration and decreases starch and protein accumulation due to reduced activity of grain biosynthesis enzymes and impaired flag leaf assimilatory efficiency and stem reserve mobilization. The development of heat-tolerant wheat genotypes through screening, selection and breeding using genetic engineering, exogenous application of osmoprotectants and agronomic approaches is a high priority. This review discusses the impact of heat stress on flower development and fertilization, grain development and reproductive failure in wheat and outlines strategies (i.e. breeding and selection, genetic engineering, molecular breeding and management) to improve heat tolerance in wheat.

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“…The reproductive stages of crops are more vulnerable to drought, high temperature and combined stress than the vegetative stages [ 14 , 25 ]. During anthesis and flowering periods, both stresses led to fertilization failures because of reduced pollen and ovule function and inhibited pollen development and sterility in legumes [ 26 , 27 ] and cereals [ 28 , 29 ]. While considering the current change in climate, it is expected that both the severity of high temperatures and the risk of drought will increase mainly in the subtropical region, impacting food security [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature and Drought Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality with Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Lentil

Haddad

Choukri

Ghanem

et al. 2021

Plants

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High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions. In addition, increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) due to global warming causes a severe challenge by influencing the water balance of the plants, thus also affecting growth and yield. In the present study, we evaluated 20 lentil genotypes under field conditions and controlled environments with the following objectives: (i) to investigate the impact of temperature stress and combined temperature-drought stress on traits related to phenology, grain yield, nutritional quality, and canopy temperature under field conditions, and (ii) to examine the genotypic variability for limited transpiration (TRlim) trait in response to increased VPD under controlled conditions. The field experiment results revealed that high-temperature stress significantly affected all parameters compared to normal conditions. The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg−1, respectively, under normal conditions. The grain protein content, zinc and iron decreased significantly by 15, 14 and 15% under high-temperature stress, respectively. However, the impact was more severe under combined temperature-drought stress with a reduction of 53% in protein content, 18% in zinc and 20% in iron. Grain yield declined significantly by 43% in temperature stress and by 49% in the combined temperature-drought stress. The results from the controlled conditions showed a wide variation in TR among studied lentil genotypes. Nine genotypes displayed TRlim at 2.76 to 3.51 kPa, with the genotypes ILL 7833 and ILL 7835 exhibiting the lowest breakpoint. Genotypes with low breakpoints had the ability to conserve water, allowing it to be used at later stages for increased yield. Our results identified promising genotypes including ILL 7835, ILL 7814 and ILL 4605 (Bakria) that could be of great interest in breeding for high yields, protein and micronutrient contents under high-temperature and drought stress. In addition, it was found that the TRlim trait has the potential to select for increased lentil yields under field water-deficit environments.

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Grain development in wheat under combined heat and drought stress: Plant responses and management

Cited by 68 publications

References 104 publications

Shading under drought stress during grain filling attenuates photosynthesis, grain yield and quality of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China

Shading under drought stress during grain filling attenuates photosynthesis, grain yield and quality of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China

Heat stress effects on the reproductive physiology and yield of wheat

High-Temperature and Drought Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality with Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Lentil

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