Grain dependent electrochemical investigations on pure iron in acetate buffer pH 6.0

Schreiber, Andreas; Schultze, J.W.; Lohrengel, M. M.; Kármán, F.H.; Kálmán, E.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.07.052

Cited by 85 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Schreiber et al applied the technique developed in [17] to study the influence of grain orientation on corrosion of α-iron [19]. The corrosion rate was greatest for (111) and (101) orientations (referred to by the authors as close packed planes), while orientations close to the (001) plane resisted corrosion [19]. Finally, Diamanti et al have used EBSD and optical microscopy to determine the orientation dependence of anodization of titanium [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17]; however, at the higher concentration, corrosion depth follows the pattern: (111) < (001) < (011). Schreiber et al applied the technique developed in [17] to study the influence of grain orientation on corrosion of α-iron [19]. The corrosion rate was greatest for (111) and (101) orientations (referred to by the authors as close packed planes), while orientations close to the (001) plane resisted corrosion [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of crystallographic orientation on the early stages of oxidation in nickel and chromium

Bonfrisco

Frary

2009

J Mater Sci

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Surface orientation plays an important role in the oxidation behavior of single crystals where studies have found the relative oxidation rates for surfaces with different orientations. However, most materials are polycrystalline and contain myriad orientations that contribute to the overall oxidation process. Here we determine the effects of orientation on the early stages of oxidation behavior as a function of surface orientation for polycrystalline nickel (face-centered cubic) and chromium (body-centered cubic). After high temperature oxidation, the oxide topography is characterized using optical profilometry and the underlying microstructure is characterized with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). By correlating results from EBSD and optical profilometry, the oxide height is determined for each crystallographic orientation. In both Ni and Cr, a strong relationship is observed between the oxidation rate and direction of the surface normal; for Ni, (111) surfaces oxidize slowest, while (100) surfaces in Cr have the lowest oxidation rates. Although orientation-dependent oxidation rates are observed at short times, the effect is diminished at longer oxidation times.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of crystallographic orientation on the early stages of oxidation in nickel and chromium

Bonfrisco

Frary

2009

J Mater Sci

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“…It has been shown in studies using single crystal metals [3][4][5][6] that the crystallographic orientation of the surface has effects on the corrosion behavior of metals, such as dissolution and oxide formation rates. Single grains of the polycrystalline surface are also characterized by individual crystallographic orientations, and the single grains cause anisotropic corrosion of copper, 7 iron, [8][9][10][11] magnesium, 12 titanium, 13,14 zinc, 15 tantalum and zirconium. 16 The grain boundary, which is the border of two or three single grains, also has different electrochemical reactivity from that of the single grains.…”

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confidence: 99%

Grain-Dependent Passivation of Iron in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Takabatake

Fushimi

Nakanishi

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Passive films formed on single grains of a polycrystalline pure iron substrate were investigated in 0.05 mol dm −3 sulfuric acid with a micro-capillary cell (MCC). Passivation behavior under the condition of potentiostatic polarization was strongly dependent on the crystallographic orientation of the substrate surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the charge transfer resistance of the passivated surface was determined by the substrate orientation. Galvanostatic reduction and XPS analysis of the surface passivated using the MCC showed that the substrate orientation affected the chemical state of iron in the oxide. The results suggested that the aging of the passive film formed on the iron substrate depended on its crystallographic orientation due to the differences in surface energy of the substrate surface that has a bcc lattice structure. It was concluded that the grain dependency on the electric property of the passive film arose from the compositional differences of the oxide film. © The Author A passive film, which is a protective oxide layer that forms on a metal surface, plays an important role in preventing corrosion of metallic materials. Through many efforts made by researchers, the mechanism and the kinetics of passivation of metals have been revealed. 1,2However, heterogeneous reactions such as pitting and local corrosion that frequently occur on passivated polycrystalline surfaces have not been considered in detail due to the lack of measurement methods to focus on the heterogeneity at micro-and nano-meter scales. Since most of the metallic materials used in various fields of industry are polycrystalline rather than single crystals, anisotropic corrosion of polycrystalline metals is one of the key factors that cause heterogeneous corrosion of metals. It has been shown in studies using single crystal metals 3-6 that the crystallographic orientation of the surface has effects on the corrosion behavior of metals, such as dissolution and oxide formation rates. Single grains of the polycrystalline surface are also characterized by individual crystallographic orientations, and the single grains cause anisotropic corrosion of copper, 7 iron, 8-11 magnesium, 12 titanium, 13,14 zinc, 15 tantalum and zirconium. 16The grain boundary, which is the border of two or three single grains, also has different electrochemical reactivity from that of the single grains. 17 From the viewpoint of the universality of grain-dependent corrosion that occurs on most metallic materials, elucidation of the detailed mechanism of grain-dependent corrosion has been required.The passivation mechanism and kinetics of polycrystalline iron have been intensively investigated for more than half a century due to their importance for industry. Passivation potential, 18,19 electrolyte pH [20][21][22] and anion concentration [23][24][25] affected not only the formation rate but also the property of oxide film. Computational simulation of the oxide growth mechanism on iron was also conducted.26 Graindependent passivatio...

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“…The heterogeneity of the passive oxides on iron and titanium was examined by micro-electrochemistry such as scanning photocurrent imaging, [31][32][33] scanning electrochemical microscopy [34][35][36] and microcapillary cell techniques. 37,38 The ellipsometry has also been applied to survey on the microscopic heterogeneity of passive oxide films. Figure 11 shows the schematic view of ellipso-microscopy 39 in which the measurement was performed on the base of a manual nullmethod ellipsometry with an optical arrangement of polarizer (P)-phase compensator (C)-reflection sample surface (S) -analyzer (A).…”

Section: Heterogeneity Of Passive Oxide By Ellipso-microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Characterization of Passive Oxides on Metals

Ohtsuka

Fushimi

2016

Electrochemistry

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In-situ optical detection of the passive oxide films on iron and titanium was reviewed. The optical techniques such as ellipsometry (i.e., reflection of polarized light), Raman spectroscopy, and potential modulation reflectance (PMR) have been successfully applied to the detection in thickness, composition, and semiconducting property, respectively, of the thin passive oxides under the in-situ condition. The growth mechanism of the passive oxide has been discussed from the precise measurement of thickness as a function of potential and time by a threeparameter ellipsometry. From the in-situ Raman spectra, the composition of the passive oxide has been estimated to be Fe 3 O 4 -γ-Fe 2 O 3 for iron and anatase TiO 2 for titanium. From PMR, the Mott-Schottky type plot could be drawn in the passive oxide on iron, which indicates that the formation of the space charge layer can be optically seen. From the PMR spectra, one has evaluated light-absorption edge that may correspond to a band-gap energy between the valence and conduction band.© The Electrochemical Society of Japan, All rights reserved.Keywords : Passive Oxide Film, Ellipsometry, Raman Spectroscopy, Ellipso-microscopy Corrosion Protection and Passivation of MetalsMetallic materials are widely used for construction of infrastructure such as bridge, building, industrial plant etc. and transport machine such as automobile, ship, train, airplane etc. For using the metallic materials for a long period of time, suitable protection against corrosion has been required. When the structures are used in atmospheric environment that includes 21% oxygen and small amount of water vapor, they suffers considerable damage because of corrosion induced by the oxygen and water vapor. The water vapor adsorbs on the metal surface with contaminant such as dust, fine particle, and air-borne salt to provide liquid water layer. The water layer in which various compounds dissolve acts on the metal surface as an electrochemical reaction site in which corrosion reactions occur; an anodic oxidation reaction of the metal is coupled with a cathodic reduction reaction of oxygen dissolving into the water layer.The structures are also often used in sea, lake, marsh, and moist soil.Since the interface at metal surface/surrounding water also acts as a reaction site, the corrosion of the structures takes place similarly as in the atmospheric environment. Since the metallic corrosion continues to develop in the atmospheric condition on the earth, we must introduce corrosionprotection treatment to maintain the structure for a long period. We have applied several techniques to the corrosion protection.(i) Cathodic protection: The potential of the structural metal is shifted to the negative direction to lower the corrosion rate. (ii) Anodic protection or passivation: The potential of the metals is shifted to the positive direction in the passive potential region in which the corrosion rate is negligibly small. (iii) Inhibition of contact to the surrounding environment: The cover of paint o...

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Grain dependent electrochemical investigations on pure iron in acetate buffer pH 6.0

Cited by 85 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of crystallographic orientation on the early stages of oxidation in nickel and chromium

Effects of crystallographic orientation on the early stages of oxidation in nickel and chromium

Grain-Dependent Passivation of Iron in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Optical Characterization of Passive Oxides on Metals

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