Grain combines productivity according to various unloading methods – in the field and at the edge of the field

Abstract

Editors and Sections Genetics and Breeding English EditorYanka Ivanova (Bulgaria) 2016 ISSN 1313 -8820 Volume 8, Number 3 September 2016Grain combines productivity according to various unloading methods -in the field and at the edge of the field Introduction leave the processed strip, move to the edge of the field and unload into vehicles (tractor vehicles or road vehicles) located outside it (Delchev et al., 2016). The reasons for this are as follows: Harvesting crops is the final stage of all activities related to their -when harvesting rice -it is practically impossible for a vehicle cultivation and is characterized by seasonality, high energy to enter into the rice "cells" (Delchev and Trendafilov, 2015); consumption, yield losses and multi-variability (Ishpekov, 2013). The -when harvesting sunflower -the sunflower stubbles harvest of cereals is one of the main activities in agriculture and it intensively destroy the vehicle tyres; should be done within a shorter period -maximum 10 -12 days, in -waterlogged soil, presence of a deep drainage ditch between order to avoid high losses of grain spillage and to reduce the risk of the road and the field or undersized area; crop damage due to environmental conditions (Nikolov et al., 1974).-use of road vehicles that are not suitable for movement onto Cereals account for the largest percentage of arable land in the stubbles. country. The process of their harvesting is fully mechanized and is It should be noted that the latter reason is becoming more characterized by simultaneous operation of harvesters, vehicles and relevant with the construction of highways in the country and the other machines that ensure this process. Of great importance is the separation of arable land in the farms, which determines the use of overall logistics of the process, which is associated both with the road vehicles with large capacity and high transport speed. proper organization and selection of a variety of ways and means to Unloading the grain tanks and moving the combines to the perform the processes. The improper method of harvesting, transport vehicles outside the field in most cases is necessary and delaying the harvesting campaign or poor organization can result in appropriate, but it is associated with additional operations, which substantial material losses (Mandradzhiev, 2006; Li et al., 2013; extend the total unloading time. This, in turn, results in a decrease in Delchev and Trendafilov, 2013; Petrovna, 2014). Important for both productivity (hourly, daily, seasonal) and in extending the harvest the organization and the combine productivity is the method of term. It is known that the combine productivity depends both on the unloading the grain tanks.technical parameters of the machine, and on the logistics factors. There are two main ways of unloading grain tanks: unloading on Such a factor is the place of unloading the full grain tanks. the go and unloading at a standstill. In terms of the organization of The objective of this article is to investigate how the unload...

Study and Analysis of the Structure of the Working Time of Combine Harvester for Harvesting of Wheat

“…According to some authors, when unloading the grain hopper in stopped position in the field, the combine harvesting performance is reduced by 14 % and in unloading at the end of the field by 23 %. The processing time per unit area is increased by 15% and 30% respectively [1]. When unloaded in stopped position, an incomplete hopper is usually unloaded.…”

Study on the Duration of Operations Performed by Transport Vehicles During Unloading of the Grain Harvester Hopper

“…Moreover, some authors have identified options for growing the grain crop [2]. Of great importance in harvesting cereals is the overall logistics of the process, as well as the proper organization [3]. Also, the organization of the harvest can have a significant impact on the productivity of grain harvesters [4].…”

“…Practically, through the signalling of the harvesters, their joint work with the transport vehicles is coordinated. In our country, in about 90% of agricultural farms unloading of the hopper is made in standstill [3]. The hopper unloading time also depends on the duration of the operations (activities) performed by the transport vehicle, such as time from commencement of the harvester signalling till start the transport vehicle and time from departure of the transport vehicle till its arrival under the harvester unloading screw.…”

Study on the Method of Grain Harvester Hopper Unloading and Full Hopper Signalling Used

“…The process of grain harvesting is entirely mechanized and is characterized by the simultaneous work of people, combine harvesters, vehicles and other machines that provide this process [11]. Grain harvesting must be completed within a relatively short period of time so as not to allow production losses due to the extended harvesting time [7,9,10].…”