Abstract:Ballasted railway track requires regular maintenance to reverse the effects of plastic deformation of the trackbed, which leads to a gradual loss of level. Maintenance is usually by tamping, an aggressive process, which damages ballast grains such that the interval between maintenance interventions steadily reduces with increasing number of tamps. After a certain number of tamps, the ballast is deemed life expired and renewed, with the recovered ballast usually being down-cycled to lower grade uses. The abilit… Show more
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