Grain aphids in New Brunswick. IV. Effects of malathion and 2,4-D amine on aphid populations and on yields of oats and barley

Adams, Jean B.; Drew, Margaret E.

doi:10.1139/z69-077

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…For instance, 2-4D on barley reduced fecundity in two species of grain aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi and Macrosiphum avenae (14), but applied to corn increased fecundity of corn leaf aphids, Rhopalosiphum maydis (15), suggesting an improvement in the quality of food for the insect. Other herbicides have been tested with fewer insects, and results vary.…”

Section: Induction Of Resistance By Growth Regulators and Herbicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Inducers of Plant Resistance to Insects

Kogan

Paxton

1983

Plant Resistance to Insects

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Many environmental factors may affect herbivore/ plant interactions by increasing the level of resistance or susceptibility of the plant to the herbivore. Among the factors with a demonstrated capability to induce changes in levels of resistance are temperature, solar radiation, water stress, soil fertility, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, growth regulators, pathogen infection, weed competition, and previous or concurrent herbivore attack. Most chemical factors, responsible for the resistance of plants to arthropods studied to date, have involved the genetically controlled, injury-independent accumulation of metabolites with allomonal activity.A completely different plant defense strategy has been demonstrated for many pathogens for which phytoalexin accumulation is the result of a post-challenge response.The aforementioned environmental factors, including pestrelated injury, can induce de novo synthesis and accumulation of compounds with allomonal properties (phytoalexins) or change the relative concentration of both nutrient and non-nutrient compounds.The focus in this paper is on the post-infestation induction of resistance by arthropods, in a manner up until recently known to result only from pathogen infection. The insect-resistance role of phytoalexins is discussed and reference is made to other possible natural sources of inducers of resistance.Antiherbivory in plants has been ascribed mainly to the presence of physical defenses or to the injury-independent accumulation of secondary metabolites that have allomonal

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Section: Induction Of Resistance By Growth Regulators and Herbicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Inducers of Plant Resistance to Insects

Kogan

Paxton

1983

Plant Resistance to Insects

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“…The positive effect on aphids has been attributed to reduced predation under field conditions, probably due to the altered food quality of treated host plants,4, 14 or to insecticidal effects of the herbicide on predators 15. 16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between sulfonylurea herbicide treatment of host plants and the performance of herbivorous insects

Kjær¹,

Heimbach²

2001

Pest Management Science

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Previous work had shown that the sulfonylurea herbicide chlorsulfuron affected the survival of a herbivorous insect species dwelling on a sub-lethally exposed host plant. Further experiments have been conducted to establish whether this negative effect was a single occurrence characteristics for the specific insect-plant interaction and the specific herbicide tested. Three insect-plant interactions were tested for the effects of selected sulfonylurea herbicides, i.e. metsulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron and tribenuron-methyl. The species pairs tested were Pieris brassicae/Brassica napus, Gastrophysa polygoni/Fallopia convolvulus and Sitobium avenae/Triticum aestivium. No significant effects on survival and relative growth rate of P brassicae or G polygoni were found when treating the host plants with sulfonylurea herbicides. However, the host plants had a significantly reduced root and shoot growth rate when treated with herbicide. Treating T aestivium with the recommended field rate of metasulfuron-methyl did not cause any change in development time, growth rate or fecundity of S avenae feeding on the host plants. The data presented suggest that the increased mortality observed for G polygoni larvae feeding on chlorsulfuron-treated host plants observed earlier was characteristic for this herbicide and for the specific plant-insect interaction only.

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“…There is good evidence that plant leaves are capable of increasing the rate of photosynthesis in response to defoliation (Alderfer & Eagles 1976), shading of adjacent leaves (Thorne & Koller 1974), or the presence of aphids on adjacent leaves (Way & Cammell 1970). A number of studies have demonstrated decreased yield of a specific organ (Adams & Drew 1969;Rockwood 1973;Stephenson 1980) or of the plant as a whole (Detling et al 1980;Smith & Odum 1981). A number of studies have demonstrated decreased yield of a specific organ (Adams & Drew 1969;Rockwood 1973;Stephenson 1980) or of the plant as a whole (Detling et al 1980;Smith & Odum 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory Production in Solanum Carolinense following Attack by a Host-Specific Herbivore

Solomon¹

1983

The Journal of Ecology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. British Ecological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Ecology. SUMMARY(1) The effect of infestation of leaves and fruits of Solanum carolinense by the host-specific herbivore Frumenta nundinella was investigated in two growth-chamber experiments.(2) Leaf and fruit infestation reduced fruit production and total net production (in energy units) of plants allowed to grow for 9 weeks after infestation. Net production and fruit production of plants allowed to grow for 13 weeks were not significantly different from that of control plants.(3) No organ on infested plants (except fruits) differed in specific energy or nitrogen concentration from its counterpart on control plants; infested fruits had lower specific energy than non-infested fruits.(4) Estimated consumption rates for fruit-infesting larvae indicated that the cost to the plant of producing an infested fruit (in terms of energy and of nitrogen) was approximately equal to the cost of producing a seeded fruit.

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Grain aphids in New Brunswick. IV. Effects of malathion and 2,4-D amine on aphid populations and on yields of oats and barley

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Natural Inducers of Plant Resistance to Insects

Natural Inducers of Plant Resistance to Insects

Relationships between sulfonylurea herbicide treatment of host plants and the performance of herbivorous insects

Compensatory Production in Solanum Carolinense following Attack by a Host-Specific Herbivore

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