Grafting of Polymers with Controlled Molecular Weight onto Carbon Black Surface

Abstract

ABSTRACT:To graft polymers with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution, the grafting of polymers onto carbon black surface by the termination of living polymer cation with nucleophilic groups, such as amino groups and sodium phenolate and sodium carboxylate groups, introduced onto the surface was investigated. The introduction of amino groups onto the carbon black surface was achieved by the reduction of nitro groups introduced by the nitration of surface aromatic rings. Sodium phenolate and sodium carboxylate groups were introduced onto the surface by the treatment of surface carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups with sodium hydroxide. These nucleophilic groups on carbon black readily reacted with living poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) (poly(IBVE)) cation, and poly(IBVE) with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution was grafted onto the surface. By the termination of living poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (poly(MeOZO)) cation with these nucleophilic groups on carbon black, poly(MeOZO) was also grafted onto the surface. The mole number of grafted polymer chain on carbon black surface decreased with increasing molecular weight of the living polymer, because the steric hindrance of carbon black surface increased with increasing molecular weight of living polymer. The dispersibility of carbon black was remarkably improved by the grafting of polymers onto the surface.

Grafting reaction of living polymer cations with amino groups on chitosan powder

“…The precipitate obtained was dispersed in ion-exchange water, and the diswith controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution onto ultrafine silica 8 persion was allowed to centrifuge at 5.0 1 10 3 rpm. The chitosan precipitated was dispersed and carbon black 9 by the reaction of living polymer cation with amino groups introduced onto the again in ion-exchange water and centrifuged. The procedures were repeated until supernatant solusurfaces.…”

“…The same tendency was observed in the grafting reaction of surface reactive groups on the carbon black with amino-or hydroxyl-terminated functional polymers [19][20][21][22] and in the grafting by the reaction of living polymer cation with nucleophilic groups on silica and carbon black surfaces. 8,9 Furthermore, the effect of molecular weight of living poly(MeOZO) on the grafting reaction with vents was compared with that of untreated chito- ( MeOZO ) -grafted chitosan powder ( grafting Å 24.5%) was soluble in water, and no insoluble san powder decreased with increasing molecular part was observed. weight of living poly(MeOZO) cation.…”

Grafting of polymers with controlled molecular weight onto inorganic fiber surface by termination of living polymer cation with amino group on the surface

“…Further, we have reported the grafting reaction of living poly(IBVE) with nucleophilic groups introduced onto inorganic powders [12,13]. Therefore, the grafting of poly(IBVE) onto inorganic fiber surface by the termination of living poly(IBVE) with surface amino groups introduced onto the surface (GF-NHR, AIF-NHR, or CF-NH2) was investigated (Scheme 1).…”

“…On the other hand, we have also pointed out that various polymers with welldefined molecular weight and structure can be grafted onto inorganic powder surface by the reaction of surface nucleophilic groups, such as amino groups, with living polymer cations [12,13].…”

Novel amphiphilic carbon black composite nanoparticles from TEMPO-terminated polymer and TEMPO-terminated block copolymer grafted carbon black

“…In the graft polymerization, the polymers were effectively grafted onto the surface by propagation of the grafted polymers from the surface of carbon black. In addition, Yoshikawa et al [16] grafted polymers with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution onto carbon black surface by termination of living polymer cation with nucleophilic groups, such as amino groups and sodium phenolate and carboxylate groups, introduced onto the surface. The increase of molecular weight of the living polymer decreased the mole number of grafted polymer chains on carbon black surface due to the steric hindrance.…”