Grafting of phosphorus flame retardants on flax fabrics: Comparison between two routes

Hajj, Raghida; Hage, Roland El; Sonnier, Rodolphe; Otazaghine, Belkacem; Gallard, Benjamin; Rouif, Sophie; Nakhl, M.; Lopez‐Cuesta, José‐Marie

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.11.006

Cited by 42 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Other phosphorus molecules were also tested with water as solvent. These results can be found elsewhere (Hajj et al, 2018). The flax fabrics were dipped in a solution of THF containing 10 wt% of the grafting agent, for one minute at ambient temperature.…”

Section: Influence Of the Grafting Agent Naturementioning

confidence: 84%

“…Other mixtures were also tested and the combinations of MVP or MAPC1 with acetone or toluene show the diffusion of the treatment agent in the whole structure of the fibers. Hajj et al show also a homogenous diffusion of MAPC1 and MVP in the elementary flax fibers when water was used as solvent for the impregnation step (Hajj et al, 2018).…”

Section: Influence Of the Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mangiante et al (Mangiante et al, 2013) studied the alkynation of cellulose fibers and used Raman and fluorescence confocal microscopies to characterize the presence of the functionalizing agent all over the cross section of the fibers. With the same objective, we described in several previous studies the use of SEM-EDX to characterize the chemical modification of flax fibers (Dorez et al, 2014;Hajj et al, 2018;Sonnier et al, 2015;Teixeira et al, 2018). The location of different grafting agents was observed by phosphorus, bromine or sulfur mapping using EDX analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon of chromatography separation where the flax fiber is the stationary phase should be controlled by the modification of temperature, time of impregnation and solvent nature. This separation should involve during the fibers impregnation step that we previously described for the procedure of flax modification with flame retardant monomers using a radiation grafting (Hajj et al, 2018;Sonnier et al, 2015;Teixeira et al, 2018). During this step flax fabrics are dipped for one minute in a monomer/solvent mixture to allow the monomer to penetrate in the fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical treatments of flax fibers – Control of the diffusion of molecules into the fiber structure

Abdallah

Teixeira

Chala

et al. 2019

Industrial Crops and Products

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A B S T R A C TThis study concerns the control of the diffusion of molecules and macromolecules in the structure of flax fibers during the impregnation step of a radiation grafting procedure. In this work we essentially focused on the impact of the conditions used during the impregnation of flax fabrics on localization of the treatment agent in the fibers structure. In a first step fabrics were impregnated by dipping them into a solution containing different chemical monomers, polymers or copolymers combined with various solvents. After solvent elimination, fibers were characterized by SEM/EDX to evaluate the presence of the treatment agents in their structure. Influences of treatment agent and solvent combination and duration of the impregnation step were evaluated. The re-gioselective localization at the surface or the presence in the whole fiber can be obtained through a suitable choice of the treatment agent and the solvent. The duration of the impregnation process can also modify this localization when the affinity between the treatment agent and the solvent is low. Two new strategies of double functionalization were successfully developed. The first one is based on the repetition of the irradiation sequence (impregnation, irradiation, washing) on the same sample but with change of the treatment agent for the second cycle. The second strategy is based on a single impregnation step with a regioselective localization of the treatment agents due to their differences of affinity with solvent used.

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Section: Influence Of the Grafting Agent Naturementioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Influence Of the Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemical treatments of flax fibers – Control of the diffusion of molecules into the fiber structure

Abdallah

Teixeira

Chala

et al. 2019

Industrial Crops and Products

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“…The first one is the radiation grafting of phosphorus compounds on OP. This process has been already successfully developed for other lignocellulosic materials (flax) but never for OP. The second one is to combine APP and OP (in replacement of commonly used PER) in EVA composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of olive pomace wastes as flame retardants

Kassis

Otazaghine²,

Hage

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Olive pomace (OP) is a lignocellulosic waste from olive oil industry. In order to valorize these wastes as flame retardant (FR) fillers into polymers, OP residues are milled and screened into three different fractions. Two strategies are then investigated. The first one is to modify OP particles by phosphorus molecules using radiation grafting as already done successfully with flax. Nevertheless, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry analyses show that the introduction of phosphorus does not promote charring of OP and flame retardancy is not significantly improved whichever the considered fraction. The second strategy is to replace pentaerythritol by OP as char source into well-known FR systems based on ammonium polyphosphate. The incorporation of such system into ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer leads to satisfying FR performances according to cone calorimeter tests. Moreover, the presence of high amount of extractives into OP such as oleic acid does not appear detrimental.

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Controlling interfacial interactions in LDPE/flax fibre biocomposites by a combined chemical and radiation-induced grafting approach

Moussi¹,

Otazaghine²,

Caro-Bretelle

et al. 2020

Cellulose

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in materials applications make natural fibres promising alternative reinforcements for composite applications (Müssig 2010;Yan et al. 2014;Bourmaud et al. 2018). Natural fibres have several advantages compared to synthetic fibres such as glass, in particular their biobased and renewable origin and biodegradability, low cost, low density, low abrasiveness and their excellent damping and specific mechanical

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Grafting of phosphorus flame retardants on flax fabrics: Comparison between two routes

Cited by 42 publications

References 42 publications

Chemical treatments of flax fibers – Control of the diffusion of molecules into the fiber structure

Chemical treatments of flax fibers – Control of the diffusion of molecules into the fiber structure

Assessment of olive pomace wastes as flame retardants

Controlling interfacial interactions in LDPE/flax fibre biocomposites by a combined chemical and radiation-induced grafting approach

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