Grafting Embryonic Raphe Neurons Reestablishes Serotonergic Regulation of Sympathetic Activity to Improve Cardiovascular Function after Spinal Cord Injury

Hou, Shaoping; Saltos, Tatiana M.; Mironets, Eugene; Trueblood, Cameron T; Connors, Theresa; Tom, Veronica J.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1654-19.2019

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…e frequency domain linear feature extraction method of HRV signal decomposition refers to converting frequency research to the time domain by decomposing it into a variety of frequency components with varying energies. HRV data in the frequency domain can be utilized to examine the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve activity in the human body [13]. e following are the formulas for calculating the characteristic parameters used in frequency domain analysis.…”

Section: Frequency Domain Linear Feature Extraction Of Hrvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Prediction Algorithm of Employees’ Psychological Stress Based on Multifeature Fusion

Chang

2021

Security and Communication Networks

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A multifeature fusion-based enterprise employee psychological stress prediction algorithm is suggested to address the concerns of low prediction accuracy, long duration, and poor results in current psychological stress prediction approaches. Examine ECG signal generation and properties, as well as the notion and causes of heart rate variability. The ECG signal is gathered according to the psychological stress reaction mechanism, and the digital filter is utilized to filter and preprocess the noise interference of the ECG signal. The linear discriminant analysis algorithm extracts the time domain linear features, frequency domain linear features, and nonlinear features of the ECG signal and then selects the ECG signal characteristics. D-S evidence theory is used to fuse the time domain linear characteristics, frequency domain linear characteristics, and nonlinear characteristics of the ECG signal, construct the psychological stress prediction model, obtain the final result of psychological stress state prediction, and realize the psychological stress prediction of enterprise employees, all based on multifeature fusion technology. The results of the experiments reveal that the suggested algorithm has a greater predictive effect on employee psychological stress, allowing it to enhance forecast accuracy and reduce prediction time.

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Section: Frequency Domain Linear Feature Extraction Of Hrvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Prediction Algorithm of Employees’ Psychological Stress Based on Multifeature Fusion

Chang

2021

Security and Communication Networks

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“…Additionally, graft-derived catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons extended from the injury site and formed synaptic connections with the surrounding host tissue, suggesting that the regeneration of these fibers contributed to the cardiovascular functional recovery. Significant re-innervation was also observed when 5-HT+ neuron-enriched embryonic raphe nucleus-derived neural stem cells were grafted into the lesion site of T4 transected rats [ 299 ]. Functional innervation of serotonergic circuits regulating autonomic activity was associated with restored MAP and the alleviation of naturally occurring as well as artificially induced AD.…”

Section: Impact Of Sci On 5-ht Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Descending Serotonergic Fibers in the Development of Pathophysiology after Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): Contribution to Chronic Pain, Spasticity, and Autonomic Dysreflexia

Fauss

Hudson

Grau

2022

Biology

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As the nervous system develops, nerve fibers from the brain form descending tracts that regulate the execution of motor behavior within the spinal cord, incoming sensory signals, and capacity to change (plasticity). How these fibers affect function depends upon the transmitter released, the receptor system engaged, and the pattern of neural innervation. The current review focuses upon the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) and its capacity to dampen (inhibit) neural excitation. A brief review of key anatomical details, receptor types, and pharmacology is provided. The paper then considers how damage to descending serotonergic fibers contributes to pathophysiology after spinal cord injury (SCI). The loss of serotonergic fibers removes an inhibitory brake that enables plasticity and neural excitation. In this state, noxious stimulation can induce a form of over-excitation that sensitizes pain (nociceptive) circuits, a modification that can contribute to the development of chronic pain. Over time, the loss of serotonergic fibers allows prolonged motor drive (spasticity) to develop and removes a regulatory brake on autonomic function, which enables bouts of unregulated sympathetic activity (autonomic dysreflexia). Recent research has shown that the loss of descending serotonergic activity is accompanied by a shift in how the neurotransmitter GABA affects neural activity, reducing its inhibitory effect. Treatments that target the loss of inhibition could have therapeutic benefit.

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“…This timeframe was selected as reductions in BP fully manifest by day 6 [29] and cardiac dysfunction is present immediately following injury [30,31] and persists into the chronic phase (i.e., 12 weeks post-SCI) [31,32]. Following in vivo measures, 5 SCI animals were randomly selected for standard spinal cord immunohistochemistry quantification of the injury site, and the 3 animals had their spinal cords harvested and cut in the longitudinal axis to visualize descending catecholaminergic and serotonergic bulbo-spinal projections, both of which are known to play a key role in CV control in the chronic phase post-SCI [24,33].…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SPNs in this region of the cord are under the control of both descending bulbo-spinal catecholaminergic and serotonergic [33] pathways originating in the RVLM and Raphe, respectively. Histological analyses of TH + and 5-HT + fibres in longitudinal sections of the spinal cord revealed our injury significantly reduces the density of both sets of fibers at and below (vs. above) the injury site.…”

Section: Resting Hemodynamics Are Impaired In T3 300 Kdyn Sci Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serotonergic [44,45] and catecholaminergic [46,47] bulbo-spinal fibres densely innervate areas of the cord associated with input to SPNs. Loss of supraspinal 5-HT + fibres play a key role in inducing CV dysregulation including contributing to the development of AD and hypotension observed post-SCI [33,48]. Other models of SCI which have explored the relationship between 5-HT + preservation and CV function post-SCI include complete crush [25], and partial transection [49] models of SCI at the T4 level.…”

Section: T3 Moderately-severe Contusion Injury Interrupts Descending Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Spinal Cord Injury Model Permissive to Study the Cardiovascular Effects of Rehabilitation Approaches Designed to Induce Neuroplasticity

Wainman

Erskine

Ahmadian

et al. 2021

Biology

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As primary medical care for spinal cord injury (SCI) has improved over the last decades there are more individuals living with neurologically incomplete (vs. complete) cervical injuries. For these individuals, a number of promising therapies are being actively researched in pre-clinical settings that seek to strengthen the remaining spinal pathways with a view to improve motor function. To date, few, if any, of these interventions have been tested for their effectiveness to improve autonomic and cardiovascular (CV) function. As a first step to testing such therapies, we aimed to develop a model that has sufficient sparing of descending sympathetic pathways for these interventions to target yet induces robust CV impairment. Twenty-six Wistar rats were assigned to SCI (n = 13) or naïve (n = 13) groups. Animals were injured at the T3 spinal segment with 300 kdyn of force. Fourteen days post-SCI, left ventricular (LV) and arterial catheterization was performed to assess in vivo cardiac and hemodynamic function. Spinal cord lesion characteristics along with sparing in catecholaminergic and serotonergic projections were determined via immunohistochemistry. SCI produced a decrease in mean arterial pressure of 17 ± 3 mmHg (p < 0.001) and left ventricular contractility (end-systolic elastance) of 0.7 ± 0.1 mmHg/µL (p < 0.001). Our novel SCI model produced significant decreases in cardiac and hemodynamic function while preserving 33 ± 9% of white matter at the injury epicenter, which we believe makes it a useful pre-clinical model of SCI to study rehabilitation approaches designed to induce neuroplasticity.

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Grafting Embryonic Raphe Neurons Reestablishes Serotonergic Regulation of Sympathetic Activity to Improve Cardiovascular Function after Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 17 publications

References 74 publications

Research on Prediction Algorithm of Employees’ Psychological Stress Based on Multifeature Fusion

Research on Prediction Algorithm of Employees’ Psychological Stress Based on Multifeature Fusion

Role of Descending Serotonergic Fibers in the Development of Pathophysiology after Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): Contribution to Chronic Pain, Spasticity, and Autonomic Dysreflexia

Development of a Spinal Cord Injury Model Permissive to Study the Cardiovascular Effects of Rehabilitation Approaches Designed to Induce Neuroplasticity

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