Grafting carbon nanotubes directly onto carbon fibers for superior mechanical stability: Towards next generation aerospace composites and energy storage applications

Islam, Mohammad S.; Deng, Yan; Tong, Liyong; Faisal, Shaikh Nayeem; Roy, Anup; Minett, Andrew I.; Gomes, Vincent G.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.10.002

Cited by 220 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…dispersion of CNTs in the electrospun polymeric solution 14 or physically grafting CNTs onto the surface of CNFs. 17 CVD processes that have been used to grow CNTs on CNFs include a floating catalyst approach, 18 grafting the catalyst by simply dipping CNFs into the solution containing the catalyst, 19 and encapsulating the catalyst nanoparticles into the CNFs by electrospinning. 20,21 Among these methods, the floating catalyst approach is considered to be the most convenient and size-controllable processing route to make CNF/CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Electrospun Cellulose Fibers for High Performance Supercapacitors

Deng

Kim

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We report the production of cellulose-derived hybrid carbon nanofiber (CNF)/ carbon nanotubes (CNTs) electrodes for the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors. The CNTs were grown via a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on the top surface of electrospun cellulose-derived CNFs. The morphology of these hybrid CNF/CNTs fibrous structures was investigated using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. The development of these carbon structures was characterized using Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the devices including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements (EIS), and electrochemically stability was carried out. These hybrid CNF/CNTs electrodes had a high value of specific capacitance of 149 F g −1 at a current density 0.5 A g −1 , an increase of 15% compared with pristine CNFs. The BET specific surface area increases from 712 m 2 g −1 to 1211 m 2 g −1 from pristine CNFs to hybrid CNF/CNTs, leading to a specific capacitance (per unit area) of ∼170 mF cm −2 . These supercapacitors also retain 90% of the original capacitance over 1000 cycles, showing an excellent stability. This method of supercapacitor electrode production is suggested as a basis to convert a sustainable cellulosic material into a useful energy storage material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Electrospun Cellulose Fibers for High Performance Supercapacitors

Deng

Kim

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…In order to simplify the process, a unique acid oxidation treatment was performed on both CFs and CNTs, then they were bound by coupling agents like dendrimers and PAMAM [19,20]. This approach avoids the double functionalization but leads to a lower grafting density due to the steric hindrance induced by the coupling agent [21]. More recent approaches are based on the oxidation of the carbon-based species followed by an esterification reaction, thus leading to higher grafting density [22,23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Grafting carbon nanotubes onto carbon fibres doubles their effective strength and the toughness of the composite

Lavagna

Massella

Pantano

et al. 2018

Composites Science and Technology

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Bioinspiration can lead to exceptional mechanical properties in a number of biological materials as a result of their internal structure. In particular, the hierarchical arrangement of nano-to macrocomponents can bring to complex energy dissipation mechanisms and unprecedented resistance to crack growth. In this work, we propose to exploit this approach, combining in a multiscale composite structure carbon nanotubes with conventional carbon fibre reinforcements in a polyvinyl butyral matrix. We show that grafting the nanotubes onto the carbon microfibres improves their interface properties with the matrix considerably, effectively doubling their apparent strength. At the same time, the addition of nanotubes to microfibre reinforcements helps to improve the composite toughness, reaching more than twice the value for the conventional, non-hierarchically reinforced composite. Numerical simulations and fracture mechanics considerations are also provided to interpret the results.Recent developments in nanotechnology have opened the way to a new generation of polymer matrix composites that employs nanomaterial fillers to enhance specific mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Very often, these nanofillers are based on carbonaceous materials such as graphene or carbon nanotubes (CNTs), although clays are also widely used [1]. The main issue in the employment of carbon nanomaterials in composite manufacturing lies in the difficulty in endowing the final material with the superior properties of the nanofiller , i.e. transferring nanoscale properties to a macroscopic material [2].Perhaps the best examples of how microscale and nanoscale morphologies can be arranged into a macroscopic material to yield exceptional mechanical properties are provided by natural systems [3]. For example, bone composite structure comprises different hierarchical levels, from macro to nano scale and it has been observed that effective stress transfer along the different length scales leads to exceptional mechanical performance from relatively weak constituents [4,5]. These observations have led to significant interest in the development of so-called "bioinspired materials"i.e. artificial materials that mimic some of the specific structures observed in nature, in order to achieve similar properties [6]. When mimicking the characteristics of natural hierarchical assemblies it is possible to further improve the overall mechanical performance of the obtained structures by employing constituent materials that displays a high intrinsic strength [7].Carbonaceous materials provide great potential for this type of application because of the high strength due to the presence of carbon-carbon bonds in their structures, and are available in several sizes and morphologies (fibres, nanotubes, graphene, etc.), allowing the creation of a multiscale, hierarchical structure [8,9]. Several studies have been conducted on the manufacturing of multiscale-reinforced materials based on carbon fibres (CFs) and CNTs to reinforce polymeric matrices in composites [...

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“…As can be seen, the CNT‐OH had a diffraction peak value at 2 θ = 26.4°, whereas the peak of CF‐COOH become weaker and wider (about 25°) because of decreasing graphite crystal after oxidation. After chemical reaction between CNT‐OH and CF‐COOH, the diffraction peak of CF–CNTs hybrids increased to 27.6°, indicating ordered graphite structure after chemical grafting …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved tribological properties of polyimide composites by micro–nano reinforcement

Song

Zhao

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The hydroxylate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grafted by chemical method on the surface of the oxidized carbon fibers (CF) to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of polyimide (PI). The microstructure and fracture surface of the polyimide composites indicated that CF-CNTs hybrid as a multiscale reinforcement can distribute into the PI matrix homogeneously. Tribo-tests further showed that CF-CNTs hybrid had a better effect on hardness increment, impact strength enhancement, friction reduction, and wear resistance. Compared to the neat PI, the friction coefficient and wear rate of CF-CNTs/PI composite deceased by 23.2 and 55.9%, respectively. In particular, the loading capacity and high speed resistance of CF-CNTs/PI composite were greatly improved. The corresponding wear mechanisms were also discussed by observing the worn surface of the PI composites.

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Grafting carbon nanotubes directly onto carbon fibers for superior mechanical stability: Towards next generation aerospace composites and energy storage applications

Cited by 220 publications

References 34 publications

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Electrospun Cellulose Fibers for High Performance Supercapacitors

Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Electrospun Cellulose Fibers for High Performance Supercapacitors

Grafting carbon nanotubes onto carbon fibres doubles their effective strength and the toughness of the composite

Improved tribological properties of polyimide composites by micro–nano reinforcement

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