Grafting Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity and Reduces Its Absorption by Tomato

Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted to determine whether the grafting could improve growth and reduce cadmium (Cd) accumulation of tomato planted in Cd-contaminated soil. 'Zhongyanhong 6' (common tomato) and 'Hongyu F1' (cherry tomato) were grafted onto two varieties of wild eggplant (Solanum torvum and Totosga) and three varieties of tomato ('Dalishengen', 'Banzhen18', and 'Guozhen 1') rootstocks, respectively, and then transplanted in 10 mg kg −1 Cd-contaminated soil for 3 months. The results indicate that except for Totosga, grafting onto other rootstocks resulted in decreased growth and biomass of 'Zhongyanhong 6', but grafting increased growth and biomass of 'Hongyu F1', especially wild eggplant. Compared with ungrafted, grafting on 'Guozhen', Solanum torvum, and Totosga enhanced weight and size of two types of tomato fruits under Cd stress, but only S. torvum improved soluble sugar content and soluble solids of tomato fruits. The Cd content in plants and fruits of 'HongyuF1' grafted on five rootstocks was reduced, and only grafted on 'Banzhen18', Solanum torvum, and Totosga reduced Cd content in plants and fruits of 'Zhongyanhong6', especially two kinds of wild eggplant rootstocks had the most significant reduction in Cd content. Therefore, grafting on different rootstocks had different impacts on two types of tomato under Cd stress, and wild eggplant especially S. torvum is relatively better rootstock for both types of tomato.

Using Sigmoid Growth Curves to Establish Growth Models of Tomato and Eggplant Stems Suitable for Grafting in Subtropical Countries

“…For example, grafted fresh pepper (Capsicum annuum) have reduced the content of heavy metals, such as cadmium, iron, manganese, and zinc [17]. Grafting tomatoes can reduce cadmium-based toxicity [18]. To render summer tomato production more feasible, eggplant (Solanum melongena), which can improve plant tolerance to water stress and flooding, is often used as the grafting rootstock.…”

Grafting effect on photosynthetic activity and yield of tomato under a plastic house in Colombia

“…According to Lee et al (2010), the use of grafted plants is a strategy that has been increasing in parallel with the growth of the tomato crop under protected conditions. In its beginnings, the use of grafted materials was done for the prevention of biotic limitations, but nowadays, grafting is considered an effective strategy to improve tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses (Ashok and Sanket, 2017;Gaion et al, 2018;Meimandi and Kappel, 2020;Reddy, 2016;Sen et al, 2018;Singh et al, 2019), such as soil salinization, extreme temperatures and humidity, high or low radiation, water stresses, heavy metals and organic pollutant (Nordey et al, 2020;Rouphael et al, 2017;Singh et al, 2020;Xie et al, 2020;. Regarding the use of tomato grafted plants, various studies have shown increases in yield compared to nongrafted plants (Grieneisen et al, 2018;Khah et al, 2006;Reddy, 2016;Turhan et al, 2011;Zeist et al, 2017);nonetheless, Bhatt et al (2015) found no differences between grafted and non-grafted plants, and even Goto et al (2013) reported that the use of graft plants has a negative effect on tomato crop yield.…”

Análise dialélica para determinar a contribuição tecido-específica na tolerância ao Cádmio em tomateiro

“…O consumo de frutos de tomate são uma via potencial para entrada desse metal na cadeia alimentar (CARVALHO et al, 2017(CARVALHO et al, , 2018bGRATÃO et al, 2012). Por isso, trabalhos tem buscado desenvolver estratégias para a redução desse metal nas plantas em geral, bem como em tomateiros (BARI et al, 2019;GREGER et al, 2016;PIOTTO et al 2018) concluíram que a enxertia não foi responsável pela redução do acúmulo de Cd na parte aérea e nos frutos de tomateiro e sim, a combinação adequada de porta enxerto e enxerto (YUAN et al 2019;XIE et al, 2020).…”

“…Os autores também testaram a enxertia recíproca combinando Sonarbangla, como porta-enxerto, com BRRI 72 ou Sonarbangla, o que mostrou tolerância do tipo Sonarbangla, sem alterações de peróxido de hidrogênio em raízes sob alta concentração de Cd. Isso indica que o sinal que induz as respostas a ajustar o estresse do Cd é originado no sistema radicular, mas não necessariamente uma alteração na absorção de Cd pelas raízes das plantas.Muitos trabalhos, já mostraram que a enxertia é capaz de reduzir a absorção e o transporte de metais pesados para a parte aérea, conforme o genótipo do porta-enxerto(NAWAZ et al, 2016;XIE et al, 2020). Portanto, a concentração de Cd em frutos varia de acordo com o genótipo do tomateiro(CARVALHO et al, 2017), o que demonstra que são essenciais estudos com o uso de genótipos contrastantes.…”