Graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto chitin with cerium (IV) ion

Abstract

SYNOPSISGraft copolymerization of vinyl compounds onto chitin was studied, and an efficient and reproducible procedure has been established, cerium ( I V ) being used as the initiator. The reactions with acrylamide and acrylic acid onto powdery chitin were carried out under various conditions to elucidate the polymerization behavior in terms of grafting percentage.The amount of cerium (IV) affected the polymerization most strikingly, and grafting percentages showed maxima with suitable amounts of initiator for both the monomers. As a solvent water proved to be superior to aqueous nitric acid except the reaction with a small amount of initiator. Under appropriate conditions, around 240 and 200% grafting percentages were achieved for acrylamide and acrylic acid, respectively. The resulting graft copolymers showed much improved affinity for solvents and hygroscopicity compared to the original chitin.

Grafting of vinyl acetate onto chitosan and biocidal activity of the graft copolymers

“…Acrylamide was also used to produce graft copolymer with crosslinked chitosan for controlled drug release. 10 Grafting of chitosan was performed with acrylonitrile, 11 vinyl acetate, 12,13 methyl methacrylate, 11,14,15 hydroxyelthyl methacrylate, HEMA 16,17 ; HEMA was also plasma-induced grafted to chitosan to produce membranes, 18 vinylpyridine, 19,20 methyl acrylate. 19,20 Chitosan-graft-polystyrene, prepared by radiation induced method, showed higher adsorption of bromine than chitosan.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Acrylic Acid) and Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate) Chitosan Graft Copolymers and Their Application to Cotton Fabric

“…Concurrently, the isothiourea free radical is added to the double bond of AA and in doing so, forms a covalent bond with the isothiourea, meanwhile creating a free radical on the AA molecule and thus initiating homopolymerization [Eq. (5)]. It is understandable that the grafted and homopolymer chains are propagated through subsequent addition of AA molecules until the termination step.…”

“…Nevertheless, the number of research papers published so far is, by all means, very few. Previous reports [5][6][7][8][9][10] have dealt with graft copolymerization of acrylonitrite, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and acrylamide onto chitosan using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator.…”

From Chitin to Chitosan

“…Cerium ion is a common initiator for promoting allyl monomers such as acrylic acid, acrylate, acrylamide, methyl methylacrylate, and styrene to graft with residues of chitin or chitosan [84][85][86][87][88]. Cerium ion is a common initiator for promoting allyl monomers such as acrylic acid, acrylate, acrylamide, methyl methylacrylate, and styrene to graft with residues of chitin or chitosan [84][85][86][87][88].…”