Graft copolymerization of an itaconic acid/acrylamide monomer mixture onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with benzoyl peroxide

Abstract

A mixture of acrylamide (AAm) and itaconic acid (IA) was grafted onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers with benzoyl peroxide in aqueous media. The effects of polymerization conditions such as the temperature, polymerization time, initiator concentration, and monomer mixture ratio on grafting were investigated. The maximum graft yield was 76.1% with an AAm/IA mixture ratio of 90/10 (mol/mol). The graft yield was as low as 3% in the single grafting of IA, whereas the use of AAm as a comonomer increased the amount of IA that entered the fiber structure to 33.5%. An increase in the temperature from 65 to 85°C increased the grafting rate and saturation graft yield. However, an increase in the temperature above 85°C decreased the saturation graft yield. The graft yield increased up to an initiator concentration of 1.0 ϫ 10 Ϫ2 M and decreased afterwards. The grafting rate was 0.65th-and 0.74th-order with respect to the initiator and AAm concentrations, respectively. The densities, diameters, and moisture-regain values of the AAm/IA-grafted PET fibers increased with the graft yield. Similarly, there was an increase in the dyeability of the AAm/IA-grafted fibers with acidic and basic dyes. The grafted fibers were characterized with Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis, and their morphologies were examined with scanning electron microscopy.

Kinetics of graft copolymerization of acrylamide and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate monomer mixture onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers

“…Similar results were also observed in the grafting of PET fibers with itaconic acid/acrylamide [10], acrylamide/methacrylic acid [12] and itaconic acid/metacrylamide [11] monomer mixtures.…”

“…Similar results were observed in the graft copolymerization of AAm [14], 4-vinyl pyridine [19] on PET fibers. This is a typical behavior reported in many other studies [10].…”

“…This synergistic effect of comonomer enhances the fraction of monomer in the graft yield. Hence, this technique of graft copolymerization provides an opportunity to prepare tailor-made grafted chains of desired properties by using suitable monomers [8][9][10]. There are a few studies on the grafting of multiple monomers onto PET fibers [10][11][12][13].…”

Removal of some heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by adsorption using poly(ethylene terephthalate)-g-itaconic acid/acrylamide fiber

“…14. The ungrafted PET fiber showed higher thermal stability than PET-g-(IA/ AAm) fiber [39]. The reactive fiber with metal ions adsorbed showed lower thermal stability than the PET-g-(IA/AAm).…”

Effect of nanoclay type on dyeability of polyethylene terephthalate/clay nanocomposites

“…Researchers are concerned with the development and implementation of new techniques in order to fulfill improvement in dyeability of polyester. For this purpose, many great studies have been carried out including: physical methods (corona discharge, plasma, ozone‐gas, gamma, and microwave functionalizations)26–36; chemical methods (enzymatic modification treatment with different reagents, grafting of different monomers, dyeing in supercritical carbon dioxide, and micro‐encapsulation techniques),37–49 and blending of PET with different compounds in fiber production to enhance dyeability 50–57. However, some of these methods often damage the otherwise excellent mechanical and bulk properties of PET fibers and make stable production thereof difficult.…”