Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto <i>Cassia tora</i> gum with ceric ammonium nitrate–nitric acid as a redox initiator

Sharma, Brij Raj; Kumar, Vineet; Soni, P. L.

doi:10.1002/app.12593

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Results show that maximum on all parameters is obtained at 40 °C and decreases with further increase in temperature. The dependence of the parameters on temperature can be ascribed to higher rate of dissociation of ceric ammonium nitrate-nitric acid initiator as well as the diffusion and mobility of acrylonitrile from the aqueous phase to cellulose phase, resulting in considerable improvement in the grafting yield [24,25].…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 98%

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Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto delignified native bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) cellulosic and its utilization potential for heavy metal uptake from aqueous medium

Ekebafe

Akpa

et al. 2011

CI&CEQ

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Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto delingnified cellulosic material obtained from Nigeria grown bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) could be initiated by a ceric ammonium nitrate redox system. Optimization of grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic material was performed by varying the reaction conditions, such as the duration of soaking of cellulosic material in ceric ammonium nitrate solution, concentration of ceric ammonium nitrate solution, polymerization time, temperature of reaction, and acrylonitrile concentration and saponification time, in order to study their influence on percent grafting yield and grafting efficiency. The resulting cellulosic-g-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers were fractionated by extraction at 33 °C with N,N'-dimethylformamide. Fractions were characterized by determining both the % add-on and the free polymer. Saponification of grafted copolymer was done by reaction with sodium hydroxide followed by methanol precipitation. The absorbent polymer so produced gave fair water retention values. The optimum reaction conditions obtained were: 20 mmol/L ceric ammonium nitrate solution in 1% nitric acid, soaking duration of 0.5 h at 40 °C for a polymerization time of 2 h and saponification time of 3 h. The percent grafting was 167.89%, grafting efficiency was 93.52% and water retention value was 389 g/g. The grafting was confirmed using FTIR. Sorption of different metal ions in the mixture, e.g. Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Pb, by grafted cellulosic and the hydrogel was also investigated. Hydrolysis increases the sorption affinity of grafted cellulose toward water and metal ions.

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Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Further increase in CAN concentration is accompanied by a decrease. The decreasing trend beyond 20 mmol/L concentration of ceric ions may be assumed to be due to its participation in the termination reactions with growing free polymer/homopolymer and propagating chains on the cellulosic [23,24].…”

Section: Effect Of Cellulosic Soaking Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto delignified native bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) cellulosic and its utilization potential for heavy metal uptake from aqueous medium

Ekebafe

Akpa

et al. 2011

CI&CEQ

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“…Such behaviors have been reported in the literature for other systems. [23,24] Effect of BPO Concentration Figure 6(b) shows the effect of BPO concentration on the grafting parameters. The % GE and % GP increased with increase in BPO up to 0.040 mmol and then decreased with further increase in BPO concentration.…”

Section: Effect Of Ia Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(itaconic acid) Grafted Gellan Gum

Karthika

Vishalakshi

2014

International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization

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Poly(itaconic acid) was grafted on GG in aqueous medium under microwave irradiation using a catalytic amount of BPO. Grafted copolymers (GG-g-PIA) were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, and SEM techniques. The influence of microwave power, exposure time, and composition of the reaction mixture on extent of grafting was studied. Conditions for obtaining the highest extent of grafting were optimized. The rate of grafting was determined from weight measurements. The overall activation energy for grafting is found to be to be 28.3 kJ/mol, indicating the possibility of occurrence of the grafting process with absorption of low thermal energy.

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“…As a consequence, much more glycosidic bonds are broken and the molecular weight decreases, which causes the reducing of solution viscosity. When reaction time beyonds 2 h, the tendency of the reducing of viscosity decreases due to the depletion in hydroxyl radicals as well as shortage of the available oxidant [38,39].…”

Section: Effect Of the Reaction Time On The Viscosity Of Oggmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of oxidized guar gum by dry method and its application in reactive dye printing

Gong

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2011

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto Cassia tora gum with ceric ammonium nitrate–nitric acid as a redox initiator

Cited by 43 publications

References 43 publications

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto delignified native bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) cellulosic and its utilization potential for heavy metal uptake from aqueous medium

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto delignified native bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) cellulosic and its utilization potential for heavy metal uptake from aqueous medium

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(itaconic acid) Grafted Gellan Gum

Synthesis of oxidized guar gum by dry method and its application in reactive dye printing

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