Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto caesarweed fibers by cerric ion–toluene redox pair

Eromosele, Ighodalo C.

doi:10.1002/app.1994.070531301

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Figures 2 and 3 show the effects of ceric ion and monomer on the graft yield, respectively. The graft yield profile for ceric ion is consistent with a previous report, 3 that is, an increase in yield in the concentration range of 8.3-66.7 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 M, followed by a drop in yield at higher concentrations. A decrease in yield with ceric ion concentration is usually associated with a chain termination reaction involving ceric ion and growing polymer chain.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile on kenaf fibers by ceric ion in the presence of allyl compounds

Eromosele

Bayero

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Graft copolymers of acrylonitrile on kenaf fibers were obtained in an aqueous medium by the use of allyl alcohol and allyl chloride in combination with ceric ion as redox pairs. The graft copolymerization reactions showed distinct features that were associated with different initiating species derived from the redox pairs. For a cericallyl-chloride-initiated reaction, a minimum graft yield was observed, accompanied by an enhanced graft yield. This suggested the existence of two kinetically controlled grafting reactions arising from two different initiating species. For the ceric-allylalcohol-initiated reaction, the grafting profile showed a maximum yield and suggested the presence of one active initiating species. High concentrations of acrylonitrile were favorable to grafting with values of up to 150%, but they also resulted in decreased efficiency in monomer conversion to grafted polymer. The frequency of grafting increased with the concentration of allyl alcohol but the molecular weight of grafted polymer of up to 4.46 ϫ 10 4 decreased by a factor of one and half over the concentration range 1.8 -9.0 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 M of the latter. The presence of 10% (v/v) N,NЈ-dimethylformamide resulted in zero graft, but the same vol % of formic acid had no apparent effect on the graft yield. A negative temperature dependence in the graft yield was found in the temperature range of 50 -70°C.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Such studies are, for the most part, aimed at achieving optima graft yields and at improving the physicochemical properties of polymeric substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile on kenaf fibers by ceric ion in the presence of allyl compounds

Eromosele

Bayero

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…With increasing acetic acid concentration, %Gr and %add-on decreased. This can be attributed to the partial termination of macroradicals, resulting in a reduced grafting ratio [27]. Maximum %Gr and %add-on obtained were 160 and 37.5, respectively, at 0.086 mol/L.…”

Section: Effect Of Acetic Acid Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modified chitosan, 7 Graft copolymerization of methacrylonitrile onto chitosan using ammonium persulfate initiator

2004

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Graft copolymerization of methacrylonitrile (MAN) onto chitosan using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator was studied. The reactions were carried out under argon atmosphere in a homogenous aqueous phase containing a small portion of acetic acid (AcOH). Evidence of graft copolymerization was obtained by FTIR spectroscopy, e.g., the appearance of nitrile in the spectrum of chitosan-graftpolymethacrylonitrile. The synthetic conditions were systematically optimized through studying the influential factors including temperature, as well as concentrations of initiator, MAN, AcOH, sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant (SDS) and chitosan. The effects of individual factors were investigated by calculating and monitoring the variation of the grafting parameters, i.e., grafting ratio, grafting efficiency, add-on value, homopolymer content, and total conversion. The optimum condition was achieved at APS 0.0108 mol/L, MAN 0.201 mol/L, 80°C, SDS 0.0016 mol/L, chitosan 0.5 g, AcOH 0.0086 mol/L. The overall activation energy for the graft copolymerization was determined to be 7.3 kJ/mol.

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“…For instance, using the single initiator a maximum percentage graft of 12.4% was attained while the redox system attained 17.4% on acrylamide, while these values with respect to MMA were 5.76 and 58.3%, respectively. Researches have opined that the increase in percentage graft when redox system is used as initiator is due to multiple initiation by the redox system compared to the single initiator hence the improved grafting brought about by several available sites for attachment of monomers (Eromosele, 1994a;Eromosele and Ahmed, 1996;Shukla and Sharma, 1987). According to Misra et al (1987), for hydroxyl fitted polymers such as cellulose, initiation can occur at the oxygen and at the carbon.…”

Section: Effect Of Type and Concentration Of Initiatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Graft Copolymerization of Acrylamide and Methylmethacrylate onto Cellulose Fibres: Influence of Initiator in Gel Formation

Enoh¹,

Ogwuche²

2014

International J. of Chemical Technology

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Acrylamide and methylmethacrylate monomers were grafted onto bleached cellulosic fibres using K 2 S 2 O 8 and a redox system of K 2 S 2 O 8 -Na 2 S 2 O 5 as initiators at room temperature while varying time, monomer concentration and concentration of initiator. The study have shown that percentage grafting increases as the concentration of monomers, concentration of initiators and graft time were increased. The study also confirms the selectivity of initiators for monomers. For example, using K 2 S 2 O 8 as initiator, acrylamide attained a maximum percentage graft of 42.4% at 7.4×10G 2 mol dmG 3 initiator concentration; further increase in initiator concentration lead to the formation of a gel. On the other hand, the maximum percent graft for methylmethacrylate using the same initiator was 29.8% at initiator concentration of 14.8×10G 2 mol dmG 3 . Similarly, using a redox system of K 2 S 2 O 8 -Na 2 S 2 O 5 , acrylamide attained a maximum percentage graft of 23.7% at the maximum concentration of initiator tested while methylmethacrylate attained a maximum percentage graft of 70.2% at the same initiator concentration.

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Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto caesarweed fibers by cerric ion–toluene redox pair

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile on kenaf fibers by ceric ion in the presence of allyl compounds

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile on kenaf fibers by ceric ion in the presence of allyl compounds

Modified chitosan, 7 Graft copolymerization of methacrylonitrile onto chitosan using ammonium persulfate initiator

Graft Copolymerization of Acrylamide and Methylmethacrylate onto Cellulose Fibres: Influence of Initiator in Gel Formation

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