Graft copolymerization of acrylamide–methylacrylate comonomers onto cellulose using ceric ammonium nitrate

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The graft copolymerization of acrylamidemethylacrylate comonomers was carried out using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator in the presence of nitric acid at 25 Ϯ 1°C. The effects of feed molarity, feed composition, reaction time, and temperature on graft yield (%G) and other grafting parameters were investigated. The determination of rate of ceric (IV) ions disappearance as a function of feed molarity and reaction time was useful in the determination of the rate of ceric (IV) ions consumption during graft copolymerization. The graft yield (%G) in the presence of acrylamide increases because of the synergistic effect of acrylamide comonomer. The composition of the grafted chains (F AAm ) varies on varying the feed composition and reaction temperature but is almost constant during feed molarity variation. The Mayo and Lewis method was used to determine the reactivity ratios of acrylamide (r 1 ) and methylacrylate (r 2 ), which are 0.65 and 1.07, respectively. The product of reactivity ratio (r 1 r 2 ) is less then unity; hence, an alternate arrangement of comonomer blocks in the grafted copolymer chain is proposed. The rate of graft copolymerization of comonomers onto cellulose is second power to the concentration of comonomers and square root to the concentration of ceric ammonium nitrate. Suitable reaction steps for graft copolymerization of comonomers onto cellulose are proposed.

Preparation and biological characterization of cellulose graft copolymers

“…Among the various redox-type initiators, ceric (ion (Ce(IV)) has gained great importance because of its high grafting efficiency [10]. With many methods, the extent of ungrafted homopolymer has been high in comparison with that from ceric(IV) ion-initiated grafting [11], in which homopolymerization of vinyl monomers has been minimal.…”

Graft copolymerization of water‐soluble monomers containing quaternary ammonium group on poly(vinyl alcohol) using ceric ions

“…But the rate and extent of grafting by this method are usually low due to hindered diffusion of preformed polymers. Grafting of vinyl monomers onto natural polymers like guar gum, 8 starch, 9,10 and cellulose [11][12][13][14] by employing the ceric ion technique has been studied. Graft copolymerization is a powerful tool for obtaining polymers with new properties and applications.…”

Surface modification of polyamide nanofiltration membrane by grafting zwitterionic polymers to improve the antifouling property

“…The graft polymerization of MPDSAH on activated polyamide membrane surface was carried out as follows: at first a series of solutions containing CAN (2 mmol/L) and different concentrations of MPDSAH (3, 10, and 20 g/L) were prepared and degassed with nitrogen; then, the activated polyamide membrane was immersed in this solution and the system was heated at 40°C with constant supply of nitrogen to remove oxygen from the solution; at the end, the obtained membrane was thoroughly washed with and then stored in deionized water for the continued experiments. The fabricated polyamide nanofiltration membranes were named as PA‐ g ‐MPDSAH x , where x indicated the MPDSAH concentration with a unit of g/L.…”