“…For many students who successfully matriculate, the asynchronous communication provided the opportunity for deep reflection and created a learning environment conducive to their learning preferences (Ivankova & Stick, 2007). However, online doctoral students in other studies have reported that balanced use of both synchronous and asynchronous communication enhanced their sense of connection with faculty and peers, and ultimately, persistence (Teng, Chen, Kinshuk, & Leo, 2012;Fuller, Risner, Lowder, Hart, & Bachenheimer, 2014). Maul, Berman, and Ames (2018), in an exploratory case study of online doctoral programs (e.g., DBA, EdD, and PhD) in the dissertation phase, found that the use of online video coaching improved academic success, belonging and integration, and ultimately retention.…”