Graduated driver licensing (GDL) in the United States in 2016: A literature review and commentary

Williams, Allan F.

doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2017.08.010

“…In the United States, Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs have become increasingly prominent (National Highway Traffic Administration, 2006; A. F. Williams, 2017) to provide beginner drivers experience behind the wheel under conditions that minimize risk. Although Georgia, along with few other states, does allow some exemptions to this GDL system, the behind-the-wheel test has always been a standardized and mandated condition to obtain full driving privileges, assessing their fitness to drive vehicles in the real world.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exemption of behind-the-wheel driving test for novice young drivers: A serious public health concern

Bari

¹

,

Paichadze

²

,

Hyder

³

2020

JRS

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Road traffic injuries (RTIs) continue to emerge as a serious public health issue across the world; according to the World Health Organization, every year, almost 1.35 million individuals lose their lives, and approximately 25 million injuries are caused by road traffic crashes (World Health Organization, 2018). These RTIs are the leading cause of death for children and young adults between 5-29 years of age (World Health Organization, 2018). Under the current situation of COVID-19 pandemic, there have been reports suggesting a profound decline in RTIs because of reduced traffic on the world’s roads (Job, 2020); however, amid this pandemic, some states in the United Sates have proposed controversial road traffic policies that can jeopardize road safety. The Governor of the State of Georgia, the United States, recently, through an executive order, waived the behind-the-wheel road test requirement for novice drivers who had held a driving permit for a year (The State of Georgia Government, 2020). Through this wavier, almost 20,000 teenagers were granted full driving privileges last month (Taylor, 2020). While the decision was made to address the backlog of driving tests created by the COVID-19 pandemic, and also to practice social distancing (Taylor, 2020), many public health experts are now concerned that this decision will have catastrophic consequences on road safety.

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“…Another big difference was the greater emphasis on fitness to drive and licensing restrictions, where more HIC studies reported such policies, namely the GDLS. This corresponds to the fact that such licensing systems exist in more HICs than LMICs [106].…”

Section: Strategies and Interventions In Hicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping global evidence on strategies and interventions in neurotrauma and road traffic collisions prevention: a scoping review

Selveindran

¹

,

Tango

²

,

Khan

³

et al. 2020

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Background: Neurotrauma is an important global health problem. The largest cause of neurotrauma worldwide is road traffic collisions (RTCs), particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Neurotrauma and RTCs are preventable, and many preventative interventions have been implemented over the last decades, especially in high-income countries (HICs). However, it is uncertain if these strategies are applicable globally due to variations in environment, resources, population, culture and infrastructure. Given this issue, this scoping review aims to identify, quantify and describe the evidence on approaches in neurotrauma and RTCs prevention, and ascertain contextual factors that influence their implementation in LMICs and HICs. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health on EBSCO host, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), grey literature databases, government and non-government websites, as well as bibliographic and citation searching of selected articles. The extracted data were presented using figures, tables, and accompanying narrative summaries. The results of this review were reported using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).

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“…Another big difference, was the greater emphasis on fitness to drive and licensing restrictions, where more HIC studies reported such policies, namely the GDLS. This corresponds to the fact that such licensing systems exist in more HICs than LMICs [107].…”

Section: Strategies and Interventions In Hicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping global evidence on strategies and interventions in neurotrauma and road traffic collisions prevention: A scoping review

Selveindran

¹

,

Tango

²

,

Khan

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Neurotrauma is an important global health problem. The largest cause of neurotrauma worldwide is road traffic collisions (RTCs), particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Neurotrauma and RTCs are preventable, and many preventative interventions have been implemented over the last decades, especially in high income countries (HICs). However, it is uncertain if these strategies are applicable globally due to variations in environment, resources, population, culture and infrastructure. Given this issue, this scoping review aims to identify, quantify and describe the evidence on approaches in neurotrauma and RTCs prevention, and ascertain contextual factors that influence their implementation in LMICs and HICs.Methods: A systematic search was conducted using five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health on EBSCO host, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), grey literature databases, government and non-government websites, as well as bibliographic and citation searching of selected articles. The extracted data were presented using figures, tables, and accompanying narrative summaries. The results of this review were reported using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).Results: A total of 411 publications met the inclusion criteria, including 349 primary studies and 62 reviews. More than 80 percent of the primary studies were from HICs, and described all levels of neurotrauma prevention. Only 65 papers came from LMICs, which mostly described primary prevention, focussing on road safety. For the reviews, 41 papers (66.1%) reviewed primary, 18 tertiary (29.1%), and three secondary preventative approaches. Most of the primary papers in the reviews came from HICs (67.7%) with 5 reviews on only LMIC papers. Fifteen reviews (24.1%) included papers from both HICs and LMICs. Intervention settings ranged from nation-wide to community-based, but were not reported in 44 papers (10.8%), most of which were reviews. Contextual factors were described in 62 papers, and varied depending on the interventions.Conclusions: There is a large quantity of global evidence on strategies and interventions for neurotrauma and RTCs prevention. However, fewer papers were from LMICs, especially on secondary and tertiary prevention. More primary research needs to be done in these countries to determine what strategies and interventions exist, and the applicability of HIC interventions in LMICs.

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Graduated driver licensing (GDL) in the United States in 2016: A literature review and commentary

Cited by 81 publications

References 80 publications

Exemption of behind-the-wheel driving test for novice young drivers: A serious public health concern

Exemption of behind-the-wheel driving test for novice young drivers: A serious public health concern

Mapping global evidence on strategies and interventions in neurotrauma and road traffic collisions prevention: a scoping review

Mapping global evidence on strategies and interventions in neurotrauma and road traffic collisions prevention: A scoping review

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