Gradual fracture of layers in laminated glass plates under low-velocity impact

Prediction of Pre- and Post-Breakage Behavior of Laminated Glass Using a Phase-Field Damage Model

“…The results appear in Figures 9-11 Figure 9a indicates that assuming the actual static tensile strength f in t = f t = 45 MPa promotes the damage initiation too early in comparison to the experimental results, while delaying the onset of damage via artificially increasing the tensile strength to f in t = 145 MPa shows a considerable improvement in the prediction of the contact force. Figure 10 further suggests that controlling the crack initiation by f in t = 45 MPa does not generate sufficient energy to drive a rapid crack evolution and crack branching as observed experimentally [10,14].…”

“…The concept of sacrificial-glass-ply design [12] was adopted in [10] to propose two specific geometries. In such a case, the outer glass layers are made thinner as they mainly serve to protect the inner glass layers, which in turn play the key role in accommodating the applied load.…”

“…While the value of f t = 45 MPa corresponds to the characteristic quasi-static strength in tensile bending defined by the European Standard EN 16612 [23], the larger values, e.g., f in t = 145 MPa, used particularly in the analysis of a single glass ply, represents the initial value of tensile strength we adopted to postpone the onset of damage in numerical simulations and consequently to arrive at the glass response comparable with experimental observations. Point out that even larger values of the initial tensile strength were considered in [10]. Since at the onset of damage this value almost immediately drops down to the actual strength of 45 MPa, the associated fracture energy enters the analysis only at a very beginning stage of fracture process; see Section 4 ahead for further details.…”

“…The present paper examines the ability of the phase field model to simulate gradual fracture of a laminated glass subjected to several consecutive low velocity impacts. This issue has already been investigated in [10] with the help of commercial LS-DYNA software where the results of an extensive experimental program were also presented. Attention is therefore afforded to theoretical and computational aspects of the phase field model in light of plates [11], while experimental measurements used to support our numerical implementation are outlined only briefly just for the sake of completeness.…”

“…Attention is therefore afforded to theoretical and computational aspects of the phase field model in light of plates [11], while experimental measurements used to support our numerical implementation are outlined only briefly just for the sake of completeness. Proceeding in the footsteps of [10], the five (5LG) and seven (7LG) layer laminates consisting of three and four plies of a float glass bonded to a PVB (polyvinyl butyral) interlayers are examined, respectively. In particular, the ability of the phase field model to estimate the response of a laminated glass observed experimentally is tested by comparing the measured and simulated distributions of contact force and gradually evolving crack patterns.…”