Gradual failure in high-performance unidirectional thin-ply carbon/glass hybrid composites under bending

Abstract

This paper introduces new composite architectures using carbon and glass fibre-reinforced epoxy prepregs to achieve gradual failure under bending. The concept is based on a technique developed by the authors to design hybrid composites with gradual failure in tension combined with beam theory to identify and control the failure sequence of the plies in the layups. Two layups are designed based on standard ply thickness S-Glass and hybrid sub-laminates made out of intermediate and high modulus thin-ply carbon prepregs. The layups are tested under 4-point bending loading where a gradual failure alongside high values of flexural displacement are achieved. No catastrophic failure is observed throughout the whole loading process. The gradual layerby-layer failure of the surface layers on the tensile side produces a brush-like appearance. Microscopy observations from interrupted tests verified fragmentation of the high-modulus carbon layer followed by gradual failure of the intermediate modulus carbon layer and delamination on the tensile side, as well as stable shear cracks of the high-modulus carbon layer on the compression side.

Combined effect of fiber hybridization and matrix modification on mechanical properties of polymer composites

“…Stacking sequence is essential in maintaining the expected properties of fiberhybrid composites. 14,16 Various stacking sequences can be implemented according to the loading types the composite structures would bear, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] giving a fruitful palette to a wind turbine designer. However, wind turbines are exposed to dynamic ones like impact, which can be introduced to the structure by raindrops, hail, bird strikes during operation, or tool impacts during maintenance.…”

Evaluation of tensile properties on glass/carbon fiber epoxy pure, interply, and locally nested intraply hybrid composites

“…Hybrid composites with polymer matrix can be formed as interlayer (layer‐by‐layer), [ 8,18–20 ] core‐shell, [ 17,21–24 ] same fiber types in certain layers (symmetrical and/or unsymmetrical), [ 6,25–31 ] and different fiber orientations. [ 25,32,33 ] Glass‐carbon, [ 6,26–29 ] glass‐basalt, [ 34 ] glass‐aramid, [ 19,35,36 ] carbon‐aramid, [ 19,37 ] glass‐natural fibers, [ 17,24,31 ] carbon‐natural fibers, [ 17,24 ] versions of the certain fiber with different properties [ 38 ] and various other fibers [ 39–44 ] are used to create hybrid composites. Studies have been carried out on the tensile strength, [ 8,18,19,22,23,26,28,29 ] compressive strength, [ 23 ] bending strength, [ 6,8,17,22,24–31,38 ] impact strength, [ 6,17,21,22,24,28,29,31 ] fatigue behavior, [ 9,25 ] hardness, [ 22,30 ] tribological properties, [ 6,17,22,24,27,30 ] and machinability [ 26,45 ] of the hybrid composites.…”

“…[ 25,32,33 ] Glass‐carbon, [ 6,26–29 ] glass‐basalt, [ 34 ] glass‐aramid, [ 19,35,36 ] carbon‐aramid, [ 19,37 ] glass‐natural fibers, [ 17,24,31 ] carbon‐natural fibers, [ 17,24 ] versions of the certain fiber with different properties [ 38 ] and various other fibers [ 39–44 ] are used to create hybrid composites. Studies have been carried out on the tensile strength, [ 8,18,19,22,23,26,28,29 ] compressive strength, [ 23 ] bending strength, [ 6,8,17,22,24–31,38 ] impact strength, [ 6,17,21,22,24,28,29,31 ] fatigue behavior, [ 9,25 ] hardness, [ 22,30 ] tribological properties, [ 6,17,22,24,27,30 ] and machinability [ 26,45 ] of the hybrid composites. Naresh et al [ 18 ] investigated the effects of different strain rates on glass/carbon/hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy laminated composites.…”

“…Hybrid composites with polymer matrix can be formed as interlayer (layer-by-layer), [8,[18][19][20] core-shell, [17,[21][22][23][24] same fiber types in certain layers (symmetrical and/or unsymmetrical), [6,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and different fiber orientations. [25,32,33] Glass-carbon, [6,[26][27][28][29] glass-basalt, [34] glass-aramid, [19,35,36] carbon-aramid, [19,37] glass-natural fibers, [17,24,31] carbonnatural fibers, [17,24] versions of the certain fiber with different properties [38] and various other fibers [39][40][41][42][43][44] are used to create hybrid composites. Studies have been carried out on the tensile strength, [8,18,19,22,…”

“…[25,32,33] Glass-carbon, [6,[26][27][28][29] glass-basalt, [34] glass-aramid, [19,35,36] carbon-aramid, [19,37] glass-natural fibers, [17,24,31] carbonnatural fibers, [17,24] versions of the certain fiber with different properties [38] and various other fibers [39][40][41][42][43][44] are used to create hybrid composites. Studies have been carried out on the tensile strength, [8,18,19,22,23,26,28,29] compressive strength, [23] bending strength, [6,8,17,22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]38] impact strength, [6,…”