Gradual Drug Release Membranes and Films Used for the Treatment of Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that, if not treated, can cause a lot of harm to the oral cavity, to the patients’ quality of life, and to the entire community. There is no predictable standardized treatment for periodontitis, but there have been many attempts, using antibiotics, tissue regeneration techniques, dental scaling, or root planning. Due to the limits of the above-mentioned treatment, the future seems to be local drug delivery systems, which could gradually release antibiotics and tissue regeneration inducers at the same time. Local gradual release of antibiotics proved to be more efficient than systemic administration. In this review, we have made a literature search to identify the articles related to this topic and to find out which carriers have been tested for drug release as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontitis. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles were chosen to be part of this review. The selected articles indicated that the drug-releasing carriers in periodontitis treatment were membranes and films fabricated from different types of materials and through various methods. Some of the drugs released by the films and membranes in the selected articles include doxycycline, tetracycline, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and minocycline, all used with good outcome regarding their bactericide effect; BMP-2, Zinc–hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with regenerative effect. The conclusion derived from the selected studies was that gradual drug release in the periodontal pockets is a promising strategy as an adjuvant for the treatment of periodontal disease.

Research Design of the Release of Amizon, Decametoxine, and Chlorhexidine from the Composition of Dental Medicinal Films

“…Films are basically produced from a polymeric matrix which can release the API. The degradable or nondegradable films can contain a mixture of polymers, additives, API, and a solvent which can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic (Petrescu et al, 2022).…”

“…Therapeutic assistance to dental patients is an important component when considering human health as a whole (Lamster and Eaves, 2011;Sanders et al, 2021;Katakura, 2022). It is possible to optimize and facilitate the therapy of dental patients due to the development of a new DF in the form of DMF, which after application to the mucous membrane undergo a gradual biodestruction and release of API (Rokaya et al, 2018;Petrescu et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022). The reliability of the release of API from the DMF in the test solution, allows mathematical and statistical evaluation of the experiment in vitro, which can predict the optimal time of their dissolution in the human mouth under physiological norms and to simulate the results of research close to in vivo conditions (Vasylenko and Sencha, 2011).…”

Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a new hitchhiker in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis

“…Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of tetracycline as an adjuvant drug to SRP. The latest treatment is the intrapocket drug delivery of antibiotics using membranes and films, which is a localized therapy with excellent prognosis 70 .…”

Cell-Friendly Chitosan-Xanthan Gum Membranes Incorporating Hydroxyapatite Designed for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

“…These biomaterials act as local bone substitutes or biological barriers intended to direct bone, epithelial, and connective tissue growth to restore the affected tissues and their functions, as well as aesthetic aspects [ 5 , 6 ]. Thin membranes made of collagen, gelatin, and polycaprolactone or their combination with bone grafts are among the most effective biomaterials for GTR, acting as a biological barrier and preventing the formation of fibrotic or scar tissue [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In addition to these combinations of materials and GTR techniques, several bioactive agents can be loaded into the biomaterial to prevent bacterial colonization and growth (e.g., doxycycline), immunomodulatory products (such as medicines or proteins), and stem cells [ 1 , 7 ].…”