Gradual domestication of root traits in the earliest maize from Tehuacán

López-Valdivia, Iván; Perkins, Alden; Schneider, Hannah; Vallebueno-Estrada, Miguel; Burridge, James; González-Orozco, Eduardo; Montúfar, Aurora; Montiel, Rafaél; Lynch, Jonathan P.; Vielle‐Calzada, Jean‐Philippe

doi:10.1073/pnas.2110245119

“…indica ), wheat ( Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum ), and common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ), were parameterised using the anatomical dataset extracted from LAT of root cross‐section images from published studies (Ajmera et al, 2022; Lopez‐Valdivia et al, 2022; Schneider et al, 2020, 2021) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) was parameterised based on hand sectioned images (Passot et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RootSlice—A novel functional‐structural model for root anatomical phenotypes

Sidhu

¹

,

Ajmera

²

,

Arya

³

et al. 2023

Plant Cell & Environment

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Root anatomy is an important determinant of root metabolic costs, soil exploration, and soil resource capture. Root anatomy varies substantially within and among plant species. RootSlice is a multicellular functional-structural model of root anatomy developed to facilitate the analysis and understanding of root anatomical phenotypes. RootSlice can capture phenotypically accurate root anatomy in three dimensions of different root classes and developmental zones, of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. Several case studies are presented illustrating the capabilities of the model. For maize nodal roots, the model illustrated the role of vacuole expansion in cell elongation; and confirmed the individual and synergistic role of increasing root cortical aerenchyma and reducing the number of cortical cell files in reducing root metabolic costs. Integration of RootSlice for different root zones as the temporal properties of the nodal roots in the whole-plant and soil model OpenSimRoot/maize enabled the multiscale evaluation of root anatomical phenotypes, highlighting the role of aerenchyma formation in enhancing the utility of cortical cell files for improving plant performance over varying soil nitrogen supply. Such integrative in silico approaches present avenues for exploring the fitness landscape of root anatomical phenotypes.

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“…RootSlice correctly simulates longitudinal and radial root anatomy of the distinct root developmental zones – i.e., elongation and maturation, different root classes – i.e., nodal, brace, lateral, and basal and diverse crop species including maize, rice, wheat, pearl millet, and common bean (Figure 3). RootSlice also reconstructed the anatomy of an archeological maize root specimen dated to be 5,280 to 4,970 years old (Figure 3D) (Lopez-Valdivia et al ., 2022). The model captures diverse root anatomies by implementing empirical measurements corresponding to the varying cortical cell file number, cortical cell size, cortical aerenchyma, stele diameter, number, and size of xylem and phloem vessels, and their positions by the surrounding parenchyma cells and pith tissue (Figure 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…indica ), wheat ( Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum ), and common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ), were parameterized using the anatomical dataset extracted from LAT of root cross-section images from published studies (Ajmera et al ., 2022; Lopez-Valdivia et al ., 2022; Schneider et al ., 2020, 2021) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) was parameterized based on hand sectioned images (Passot et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RootSlice– a novel functional-structural model for root anatomical phenotypes

Sidhu

¹

,

Ajmera

²

,

Arya

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Root anatomy is an important determinant of root metabolic costs, soil exploration, and soil resource capture. Root anatomy varies substantially within and among plant species. RootSlice is a multicellular functional-structural model of root anatomy developed to facilitate the analysis and understanding of root anatomical phenotypes. RootSlice can capture phenotypically accurate root anatomy in three dimensions of different root classes and developmental zones, of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. Several case studies are presented illustrating the capabilities of the model. For maize nodal roots, the model illustrated the role of vacuole expansion in cell elongation; and confirmed the individual and synergistic role of increasing root cortical aerenchyma and reducing the number of cortical cell files in reducing root metabolic costs. Integration of RootSlice for different root zones as the temporal properties of the nodal roots in the whole-plant and soil model OpenSimRoot/maize enabled the multiscale evaluation of root anatomical phenotypes, highlighting the role of aerenchyma formation in enhancing the utility of cortical cell files for improving plant performance over varying soil nitrogen supply. Such integrative in silico approaches present avenues for exploring the fitness landscape of root anatomical phenotypes.

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“…The root is the primary plant organ responsible for detecting changes in soil conditions and plays a critical role in water stress response [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. The molecular mechanism of drought resistance through roots primarily includes the regulation of ABA synthesis in roots to regulate the expression of genes involved in drought signal transduction [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying the Expression of Cysteine Protease Gene PCP Affects Pollen Development, Germination and Plant Drought Tolerance in Maize

Li

¹

,

Niu

²

,

Zhou

³

et al. 2023

IJMS

2

0

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Cysteine proteases (CPs) are vital proteolytic enzymes that play critical roles in various plant processes. However, the particular functions of CPs in maize remain largely unknown. We recently identified a pollen-specific CP (named PCP), which highly accumulated on the surface of maize pollen. Here, we reported that PCP played an important role in pollen germination and drought response in maize. Overexpression of PCP inhibited pollen germination, while mutation of PCP promoted pollen germination to some extent. Furthermore, we observed that germinal apertures of pollen grains in the PCP-overexpression transgenic lines were excessively covered, whereas this phenomenon was not observed in the wild type (WT), suggesting that PCP regulated pollen germination by affecting the germinal aperture structure. In addition, overexpression of PCP enhanced drought tolerance in maize plants, along with the increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes and the decreased numbers of the root cortical cells. Conversely, mutation of PCP significantly impaired drought tolerance. These results may aid in clarifying the precise functions of CPs in maize and contribute to the development of drought-tolerant maize materials.

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Gradual domestication of root traits in the earliest maize from Tehuacán

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

RootSlice—A novel functional‐structural model for root anatomical phenotypes

RootSlice—A novel functional‐structural model for root anatomical phenotypes

RootSlice– a novel functional-structural model for root anatomical phenotypes

Modifying the Expression of Cysteine Protease Gene PCP Affects Pollen Development, Germination and Plant Drought Tolerance in Maize

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