GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments

Blott, Simon J.; Pye, Kenneth

doi:10.1002/esp.261

Cited by 3,297 publications

(1,755 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The finer frac tion was de ter mined us ing a Fritsch la ser par ti cle sizer Analysette 22. For each sam ple, tex tural pa ram e ters such as mean di am e ter (Mz) and sort ing (s 1 ) were cal cu lated ac cording to Folk and Ward (1957) -Gradistat soft ware (Blott and Pye, 2001).…”

Section: Sedimentological and Geochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of postglacial palaeoenvironmental changes on the properties of sediments in the kettle hole at the site of Jurki (NE Poland)

Karasiewicz

Hulisz

Noryśkiewicz

et al. 2017

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This re search is fo cused on a small ket tle hole lo cated within the Mor¹g mo raines (I³awa Lake Dis trict, NE Po land). The study ob jec tive was to de ter mine the im pact of palaeoenvironmental changes on prop er ties of sed i ments fill ing the bot tom of the ket tle hole. Sedimentological, geo chem i cal, and palaeobotanical stud ies en abled us to dis tin guish sev eral de vel op ment phases of the ket tle hole, and clus ter anal y sis per formed on physicochemical data yielded seven lo cal geo chem i cal zones (Ju I/I to Ju I/VII ). The be gin ning of biogenic sed i men ta tion in the con di tions of a small wa ter body, func tion ing in the Late Gla cial pe riod (4.20-4.10 m), was de ter mined on the ba sis of palaeobotanical re search. Sed i ments de pos ited in the lake dur ing its fur ther evo lu tion were rich in microelements such as Ca, Na, Mg, and K, and to a smaller ex tent -Fe and Mn (Ju I/I-III lo cal geo chem i cal zones). The Late Gla cial lac us trine pe riod ended with the ac cu mu la tion of very silty, pol len-free gyttja, with a strati graphic hi a tus (Ju I/IV , 3.40-3.20 m). The sed i ments were en riched with SiO 2ter , which in di cates an in creased rate of slope ero sion, and con cre tions of Fe-Mn oc cur ring be low this layer (Ju III ) pro vide ev i dence for low er ing of the wa ter level and even des ic ca tion. In the Ho lo cene, the lac us trine pe riod ended with the ac cu mu la tion of coarse de tri tal gyttja (3.20-2.60 m). Palaeobotanical data in di cate that the next group of sed i ments were de pos ited in the Late Subboreal and Subatlantic pe ri ods (2.60-0.0 cm, Ju I/V-VII ; sedge peat). Their prop er ties were var ied and re lated to hydrologic con di tions, lim ited de nu da tion, and veg e ta tion suc ces sion. There was also a sig nif i cant change in the trophic con di tions of the wa ter and con se quently in the sed i ments of the ket tle hole, which changed dur ing the lac us trine pe riod from ba sic to acid, and strongly acid in the surface layer. This re ac tion may be re lated to a change in the wa ter re gime as well as to hu man im pact in the en vi ron ment, which led to the col o ni za tion of the peat bog by Sphag num moss.Key words: young gla cial land scape, ket tle hole, end mo raines, geo chem i cal anal y sis, biogenic de pos its.

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Section: Sedimentological and Geochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of postglacial palaeoenvironmental changes on the properties of sediments in the kettle hole at the site of Jurki (NE Poland)

Karasiewicz

Hulisz

Noryśkiewicz

et al. 2017

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“…The grain size of 271 samples (0.5-1.0 m interval) was analyzed at 0.25 U spacing according to a standard method (cf. Zhou and Gao 2004), with grain-size parameters determined using the GRADI-STAT software (Blott and Pye 2001). Eighty-three samples were collected for foraminifera analysis using the method described by Zhang et al (2014) and Wang et al (1988).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and accumulation model of the late Quaternary shallow biogenic gas in the modern Changjiang delta area, eastern China

Zhang

Lin

2017

Pet. Sci.

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The Changjiang (Yangtze) is one of the largest rivers in the world. It formed a huge incised valley at its mouth during the Last Glacial Maximum; the incised-valley fill, approximately 80-110 m thick, supplies an important foundation for the generation of shallow biogenic-gas reservoirs. Two cores and 13 cone penetration tests were used to elaborate the characteristics, formation mechanism, and distribution of the shallow biogenic-gas reservoirs in the study area. The natural gas is mainly composed of CH 4 (generally[95%) with a d 13 C CH4 and d 13 C CO2 of -75.8 to -67.7% and -34.5 to -6.6%, respectively, and a dD CH4 of -215 to -185%, indicating a biogenic origin by the carbon dioxide reduction pathway. Commercial biogenic gas occurs primarily in the sand bodies of fluvial-channel, floodplain, and paleo-estuary facies with a burial depth of 50-80 m. Gas sources as well as cap beds are gray to yellowish-gray mud of floodplain, paleoestuary, and offshore shallow marine facies. The organic matter in gas sources is dominated by immature type III kerogen (gas prone). The difference in permeability (about 4-6 orders of magnitude) between cap beds and reservoirs makes the cap beds effectively prevent the upward escape of gas in the reservoirs. This formation mechanism is consistent with that for the shallow biogenic gas in the late Quaternary Qiantang River incised valley to the south. Therefore, this study should provide further insight into understanding the formation and distribution of shallow biogenic gas in other similar postglacial incised-valley systems.

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“…Three different pre-sieved, very well sorted, symmetric and mesokurtic samples of ballotini were used. Table 1 shows the measured mean grain sizes ( ) 0.045mm (Coarse Silt), 0.20mm (Fine Sand) and 1.23mm (Very Coarse Sand) of the three size classes and the results are based on sieve analysis, graphical methods of Folk and Ward (Folk and Ward, 1957) in GRADISTAT version 8 (Blott and Pye, 2001) and the Udden-Wentworth grain-size scale for siliciclastic sediments (Wentworth, 1922). The mean and range of porosities ( ) of the three samples are measured based on the gravimetric grain volume approach (Amyx et al, 1960) and subsequently their permeabilities ( ) are calculated using the Kozeny-Carman (Carman, 1937) equation ( Table 1 and are consistent with typical estimates of shelf sediments (Bear, 1972, Van Brakel, 1975, Quiblier, 1984, Blair et al, 1996, Turcotte and Schubert, 2002, Jackson and Richardson, 2007, Hughes et al, 2015.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thermal regime around buried submarine high-voltage cables

Emeana

Dix

Gernon

et al. 2016

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARYThe expansion of offshore renewable energy infrastructure and the need for trans-continental shelf power transmission require the use of submarine High Voltage (HV) cables. These cables have maximum operating surface temperatures of up to 70 o C and are typically buried 1-2 m beneath the seabed, within the wide range of substrates found on the continental shelf.However, the heat flow pattern and potential effects on the sedimentary environments around such anomalously high heat sources in the near surface sediments are poorly understood. We present temperature measurements from a 2D laboratory experiment representing a buried submarine HV cable, and identify the thermal regimes generated within typical unconsolidated shelf sediments-coarse silt, fine sand and very coarse sand. We used a large (2 x 2.5 m) tank filled with water-saturated spherical glass beads (ballotini) and instrumented with a buried heat source and 120 thermocouples, to measure the time-dependent 2D temperature distributions.The observed and corresponding Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations of the steady state heat flow regimes, and normalised radial temperature distributions were assessed. Our results show that the heat transfer and thus temperature fields generated from submarine HV cables operating at the grain and sub-grain scale; biological activity at both micro-faunal and macrofaunal levels; and indeed the operational performance of the cables themselves, as convective heat transport would increase cable current ratings, something neglected in existing standards.

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GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments

Cited by 3,297 publications

References 19 publications

The impact of postglacial palaeoenvironmental changes on the properties of sediments in the kettle hole at the site of Jurki (NE Poland)

The impact of postglacial palaeoenvironmental changes on the properties of sediments in the kettle hole at the site of Jurki (NE Poland)

Characteristics and accumulation model of the late Quaternary shallow biogenic gas in the modern Changjiang delta area, eastern China

The thermal regime around buried submarine high-voltage cables

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