Grading Systems for Canine Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Comparative Overview

Brambilla, Eleonora; Govoni, Verônica Mollica; Cavalca, Alexandre Matheus Baesso; Amorim, Renée Laufer; Fonseca-Alves, Carlos Eduardo; Grieco, Valeria

doi:10.3390/ani12111455

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…This classification draws on the system devised by Cheng in 2012 for human bladder urothelial carcinomas, albeit simplified into two groups, mirroring the system proposed by the WHO in 2004 and 2016 for humans. However, unlike the WHO's 2004 framework, tumor invasiveness is underscored as a distinctive criterion for high-grade TCC of urinary bladder in this veterinary grading system [33][34][35].…”

Section: Histological Gradingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Grading systems have been outlined for urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma in dogs, yet without regular use by pathologists and, consequently, without implementation in clinical practice or correlation with survival. In our study, following the initial analysis and diagnosis, canine transitional cell carcinoma was histologically categorized into lowgrade and high-grade, as described in Table 1, adapted from [33]. This classification draws on the system devised by Cheng in 2012 for human bladder urothelial carcinomas, albeit simplified into two groups, mirroring the system proposed by the WHO in 2004 and 2016 for humans.…”

Section: Histological Gradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Tumor-Associated Tissue Eosinophilia (TATE) and Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Canine Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

Files,

Okwu,

Topa

et al. 2024

Animals

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Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a significant neoplasm in dogs, characterized by a poor prognosis and a high metastatic potential. These canine spontaneous tumors share many characteristics with human transitional cell carcinoma, making them an excellent comparative model. The role of inflammatory infiltration in tumor development and progression is frequently contradictory, especially concerning tumor-associated tissue eosinophils (TATE) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This study aims to analyze TATE and TAMs in canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Congo Red staining was used to identify TATE, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect TAMs in 34 cases of canine transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder carcinomas, categorized into low and high grades. Statistically significant differences were observed between the number of eosinophils and macrophages in the two groups of tumors. The number of TATE was higher in low-grade malignant tumors, but the number of TAMs was higher in high-grade tumors. Our findings suggest the importance of TATEs and TAMs in the aggressiveness of canine transitional cell carcinoma and propose their potential use as therapeutic targets.

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Section: Histological Gradingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Histological Gradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Tumor-Associated Tissue Eosinophilia (TATE) and Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Canine Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

Files,

Okwu,

Topa

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…In both papillary and non-papillary tumors (Figure 1), neoplastic cells were polygonal, with sharp cell borders, a variable amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm, characterized by the presence of colorless to eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions called Melamed-Wolinska bodies (27,29).…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bizarre mitotic figures were variably seen in tumors with a high mitotic count. Within the tumor, limited areas of squamous and/or glandular metaplasia and desmoplastic reaction were variably observed (27,29).…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine urothelial carcinoma: expression of Periostin in spontaneous canine urothelial carcinoma and its correlation with histological features

Brambilla,

Ciaputa,

Crepaldi

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The tumor microenvironment is considered one of the main players in cancer development and progression and may influence the behavior of cancer cells. Periostin (POSTN) is an extracellular matrix protein, and its main functions are induction of fibrillogenesis, fibroblastic cell proliferation and migration, enhancing regeneration in normal tissue, and promoting metastasis in case of neoplasia. POSTN has already been studied in humans in several normal tissues, inflammatory processes, and neoplasms, revealing an important role in tumor progression in various types of cancer, such as colon, lung, head and neck, breast, ovarian, and prostate. In these latter, high levels of POSTN are usually associated with a more aggressive tumor behavior, tumor advanced stages, and poor prognosis, while in human bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC), unlike in most tumors, POSTN expression seems to be downregulated. The expression of this marker has been poorly investigated in veterinary medicine; thus, this study aimed to immunohistochemically investigate the presence and the intensity of POSTN expression in canine BUCs and to determine a possible relationship between POSTN expression and histopathological features such as mitotic count and muscular and vascular invasions. For the present retrospective study, archived samples from 45 canine BUCs and 6 non-neoplastic canine bladders were considered for histological evaluation and immunohistochemical examination for the expression of POSTN. POSTN expression was semi-quantitatively assessed considering both the percentage of the neoplastic stroma positive for POSTN and the intensity of the immunohistochemical labeling. Histologically, 38 out of 45 tumors were papillary and 7 out of 45 were non-papillary. All tumors were infiltrating, being that 21 were muscle-invasive, and a significant correlation between this feature and vascular invasion emerged (P = 0.0001). In normal bladder tissue, as reported in humans, a thick and strongly positive belt of POSTN was visible, and in canine BUCs, stating that the expression is comparable with human benign as well as malignant bladder tissue, a general decrease in POSTN expression was observed except for a strongly labeled ring of POSTN observed around some neoplastic nodules infiltrating the muscle layer. Moreover, POSTN expression and mitotic count were significatively inversely correlated (P = 0.0015). The fact that POSTN protein is less expressed in urothelial carcinomas than in the normal bladder supports what was reported in human BUCs and, together with the negative correlation between mitotic count and protein expression that emerged in the present retrospective study, encourages further prospective follow-up studies to verify the possible role of POSTN in canine BUCs as a prognostic marker, and also as a possible target for the development of future anticancer therapies.

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“…2 system to apply in future studies on canine UCs. 10 Interesting, it is extremely uncommon in canines a superficial, low-grade invasive UC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<strong>New Advances on Canine Bladder Cancer: Immunotherapy and Nanotechnology Applications</strong>

Fávaro,

Böckelmann,

Tizziani

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Human urinary bladder cancer has similar development that invasive urothelial cancer that happens spontaneously in dogs. Then, research of these malignant tumors associated with the advances of new treatment drive to the specific fight of the urothelial tumor cell, is highly valuably related to efficiency and reduction of side effects of treatments, even extrapolating to humans. Thus, a review of the most important aspects on new advances on canine bladder cancer was achieved. Many forms of therapies are being reported; one of them, of highly promising feature is the treatment with immunomodulators. The resemblance between spontaneous urothelial cancer in canines and urinary bladder cancer in humans makes this canine tumor relevant animal model to research and advances of treatment that may be more efficient in management of tumor with less unfavorable effects. Immunomodulators exhibit important outcomes when used in the therapy of bladder cancer in dogs. Nanomaterials that are possible carriers of some kinds of drugs to the target tumor significantly raise the efficiently of the therapy. Therefore, the advancement of immunomodulator combined with nanoparticles can disrupt the therapy of bladder cancer in dogs and thereafter in humans.

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Grading Systems for Canine Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Comparative Overview

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Assessment of Tumor-Associated Tissue Eosinophilia (TATE) and Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Canine Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

Assessment of Tumor-Associated Tissue Eosinophilia (TATE) and Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Canine Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

Canine urothelial carcinoma: expression of Periostin in spontaneous canine urothelial carcinoma and its correlation with histological features

<strong>New Advances on Canine Bladder Cancer: Immunotherapy and Nanotechnology Applications</strong>

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