Grading in Canine Mammary Gland Carcinoma

Rezaie, Annahita; Tavasoli, Abbas; Bahonar, Alirezaا; Mehrazma, Mitra

doi:10.3923/jbs.2009.333.338

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Rezaie et al found that 70.6% of bitches had tubulopapillary carcinoma, 23.5%- solid carcinoma, and 5.9% - cribriform carcinoma [45] . Ežerskytė et al indicated that the most common tumor types of mammary glands in bitches were simple carcinoma, complex carcinoma and carcinosarcoma 46.0%, 27.0% and 13.0%, respectively [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Diagnosis, classification and grading of canine mammary tumours as a model to study human breast cancer: an Clinico-Cytohistopathological study with environmental factors influencing public health and medicine

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe human “Elston and Ellis grading method” was utilized in dogs with mammary tumor to examine its relation to prognosis in this species, based on a 2-year follow-up period. Although cytopathology is widely used for early diagnosis of human neoplasms, it is not commonly performed in veterinary medicine. Our objectives in this study were to identify cytopathology criteria of malignancy for canine mammary tumors and the frequency of different types of mammary lesions and their relationship with histologic grade was investigated. Another aim of this study was to differentiate the simple and adenocarcinoma tumors from the complex or mixed tumor described by Elston and Ellis grading method.MethodsThe study was performed in 15 pure or mixed-breed female dogs submitted to surgical resections of mammary tumours. The mammary tumours were excised by simple mastectomy or regional mastectomy, with or without the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Female dogs were mainly terriers (9 dogs) or mixed (3 dogs), the 3 other animals were a German shepherd, Dachshund and Pekingese. Before surgical excision of the tumour, FNAC was performed using a 0.6 mm diameter needle attached to a 10 ml syringe held in a standard metal syringe holder. The cytological sample was smeared onto a glass slide and either air-dried for May-Grünwald-stain, or ethanol-fixed for Papanicolaou stain and masses were surgically removed, the tumours were grossly examined and tissue samples were fixed in 10%-buffered-formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections 4 μm thick were obtained from each sample and H&E stained.ResultsWe obtained a correct cytohistological correlation in 14/15 cases (93.3%) when all cytopathological examinations were considered. Of the 15 cases examined, 2(13.3%) had well-differentiated (grade I), 6(40%) had moderately differentiated (grade II) and 7(46.7%) had poorly differentiated (grade III) tumours. Classification of all canine mammary gland lesions revealed 13(86.7%) malignant and 2(13.3%) benign tumors. The histological examination showed that the most common tumor types of mammary glands in bitches were: complex carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, malignant mixed tumour, benign mixed tumour, simple carcinoma– (5/15; 33.3%), (3/15; 20%), (3/15; 20%) and (2/15;13.3%), respectively. Simple carcinoma and cystic hyperplasia were less common - (1/15; 6.7%), and (1/15; 6.7%), respectively. Moreover, the most often tumors occur in inguinal mammary (60%) and abdominal (27%) glands.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that, because of the similarity of the cytohistopathological findings in the human and canine mammary gland tumours, it is possible to use the same cytopathological criteria applied in human pathology for the diagnosis of canine mammary gland tumours. Furthemoer, routine use of this human grading method would help the clinician to make a more accurate prognosis in the interests of post-surgical management in dogs with mammary carcinomas. Furthermore, this research will allow a more discriminating classification of mammary tumors a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Diagnosis, classification and grading of canine mammary tumours as a model to study human breast cancer: an Clinico-Cytohistopathological study with environmental factors influencing public health and medicine

et al. 2013

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“…Histological grading was evaluated in accordance with Elston and Ellis [ 22 ], the most current method for the histological grading of human breast cancers, recently applied to canine mammary tumours and more practical for the comparison of data between researchers [ 23 - 25 ]. According to this method, histological findings were recorded and used to classify mammary carcinomas as grade I, grade II or grade III tumours.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CA 15–3 cell lines and tissue expression in canine mammary cancer and the correlation between serum levels and tumour histological grade

et al. 2012

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BackgroundMammary tumours are the most common malignancy diagnosed in female dogs and a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in this species. Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 15–3 is a mucinous glycoprotein aberrantly over-expressed in human mammary neoplasms and one of the most widely used serum tumour markers in women with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the antigenic analogies of human and canine CA 15–3 and to assess its expression in canine mammary cancer tissues and cell lines. Immunohistochemical expression of CA 15–3 was evaluated in 7 canine mammary cancer cell lines and 50 malignant mammary tumours. As a positive control, the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF7 and tissue were used. To assess CA 15–3 staining, a semi-quantitative method was applied. To confirm the specificity and cross-reactivity of an anti-human CA 15–3 antibody to canine tissues, an immunoblot analysis was performed. We also investigated serum CA 15–3 activity to establish whether its expression could be assigned to several tumour characteristics to evaluate its potential use as a serum tumour marker in the canine mammary oncology field.ResultsImmunocytochemical analysis revealed CA 15–3 expression in all examined canine mammary cancer cell lines, whereas its expression was confirmed by immunoblot only in the most invasive cells (CMT-W1, CMT-W1M, CMT-W2 and CMT-W2M). In the tissue, an immunohistochemical staining pattern was observed in 34 (68%) of the malignant tumours. A high statistical correlation (p = 0.0019) between serum CA 15–3 levels and the degree of tumour proliferation and differentiation was shown, which indicates that the values of this serum marker increase as the tumour stage progresses.ConclusionsThe results of this study reveal that CA 15–3 is expressed in both canine mammary tumour cell lines and tissues and that serum levels significantly correlate with the histological grade of the malignancy.

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“…Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in human females and morbidity and mortality due to it continue to increase, despite remarkable progress in the field of early diagnosis and adjuvant therapy (Raica et al 2009). Mammary neoplasms in dogs are the second most common neoplasms after skin tumors (Rezia et al 2009). Nearly 41% to 53% of the mammary tumors that occur in the bitch are malignant (Misdorp 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Studies on Canine Mammary Tumour and its Relevance for Breast Cancer Studies

Gupta¹,

Sood²,

Uppal³

et al. 2012

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Its incidence is rising globally and more so in the developing countries. There is a need to look for suitable animal model for biomedical research and pharmaceutical trails for this dreadly disease. In this pursuit, huge naturally occurring resource of canine mammary tumour may provide valid answer to impending questions in a shorter time frame. However, the epidemiology of canine mammary tumour (CMT) is poorly documented, especially in India. The present review deals with global and Indian scenario related to epidemiology of canine mammary tumour and its relevance as a model for human breast cancer.

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Grading in Canine Mammary Gland Carcinoma

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Diagnosis, classification and grading of canine mammary tumours as a model to study human breast cancer: an Clinico-Cytohistopathological study with environmental factors influencing public health and medicine

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Diagnosis, classification and grading of canine mammary tumours as a model to study human breast cancer: an Clinico-Cytohistopathological study with environmental factors influencing public health and medicine

CA 15–3 cell lines and tissue expression in canine mammary cancer and the correlation between serum levels and tumour histological grade

Epidemiological Studies on Canine Mammary Tumour and its Relevance for Breast Cancer Studies

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