Gradient transition zone structure in “steel–copper” sample produced by double wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing

Osipovich, K. S.; Астафурова, Е. Г.; Чумаевский, А. В.; Калашников, К. Н.; Астафуров, С. В.; Maier, Galina; Melnikov, E.; Moskvina, Valentina; Panchenko, M. Yu.; Tarasov, S. Yu.; Рубцов, В. Е.; Колубаев, Е. А.

doi:10.1007/s10853-020-04549-y

Cited by 70 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the second section, there are many iron agglomerations in the bottom layer of copper deposited, which results in localized variability in microhardness areas. Third, since the diffusion ability of Fe on the top of the copper deposition layer decreases sharply, so that the microhardness value of the region is slightly higher than that of the pure copper deposition layer, Magnabosco, [28] Liu Liming, [29] and Osipovich [33] reached similar conclusions. However, in wall No.…”

Section: Tensile Properties and Microhardnessmentioning

confidence: 88%

Experimental Characterization and Microstructural Evaluation of Silicon Bronze-Alloy Steel Bimetallic Structures by Additive Manufacturing

Zhang

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans A

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Section: Tensile Properties and Microhardnessmentioning

confidence: 88%

Experimental Characterization and Microstructural Evaluation of Silicon Bronze-Alloy Steel Bimetallic Structures by Additive Manufacturing

Zhang

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…The observation area presented in the SEM-microphotographs (Figure 7) excludes any mechanical rupture or melting traces. The obtained microphotographs showed non-oxide (oxygen unsaturated) structures-metastable solid solution and thin eutectic [40][41][42][43], by other words, movable and adherent to the surface films of the first order that corresponds to the submicron structure of the material under erosion wear with the presence of formation and removal of brittle secondary structures of the second order (Figure 15b) [44,45].…”

Section: Submicrostructure Of Surface and Subsurface Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-Microstructure of Surface and Subsurface Layers after Electrical Discharge Machining Structural Materials in Water

Grigoriev

Волосова

Okunkova

et al. 2021

Metals

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The material removal mechanism, submicrostructure of surface and subsurface layers, nanotransformations occurred in surface and subsurface layers during electrical discharge machining two structural materials such as anti-corrosion X10CrNiTi18-10 (12kH18N10T) steel of austenite class and 2024 (D16) duralumin in a deionized water medium were researched. The machining was conducted using a brass tool of 0.25 mm in diameter. The measured discharge gap is 45–60 µm for X10CrNiTi18-10 (12kH18N10T) steel and 105–120 µm for 2024 (D16) duralumin. Surface roughness parameters are arithmetic mean deviation (Ra) of 4.61 µm, 10-point height (Rz) of 28.73 µm, maximum peak-to-valley height (Rtm) of 29.50 µm, mean spacing between peaks (Sm) of 18.0 µm for steel; Ra of 5.41 µm, Rz of 35.29 µm, Rtm of 43.17 µm, Sm of 30.0 µm for duralumin. The recast layer with adsorbed components of the wire tool electrode and carbides was observed up to the depth of 4–6 µm for steel and 2.5–4 µm for duralumin. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was used to mathematically interpolate the dependence of the interelectrode gap on the electrical resistance of the material. The observed microstructures provide grounding on the nature of electrical wear and nanomodification of the obtained surfaces.

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“…Varying the heat input as a function of the built-up wall height makes it possible to control cooling and therefore the solidification rate. However, no approach for forming the desired grain structures is guaranteed, especially in materials inclined to form large columnar grains such as nickel superalloys [30], titanium [31], copper [32], bronze [33], nickel titanium [34,35], etc. In connection with this, finding out the limiting maximum and minimum values of the heat input for deposition of each material is an important task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Input Effect on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Additive Manufactured (EBAM) Cu-7.5wt.%Al Bronze

et al. 2021

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Electron beam additive wire-feed deposition of Cu-7.5wt.%Al bronze on a stainless-steel substrate has been carried out at heat input levels 0.21, 0.255, and 0.3 kJ/mm. The microstructures formed at 0.21 kJ/mm were characterized by the presence of both zigzagged columnar and small equiaxed grains with 10% of Σ3 annealing twin grain boundaries. No equiaxed grains were found in samples obtained at 0.255 and 0.3 kJ/mm. The zigzagged columnar ones were only retained in samples obtained at 0.255 kJ/mm. The fraction of Σ3 boundaries reduced at higher heat input values to 7 and 4%, respectively. The maximum tensile strength was achieved on samples obtained with 0.21 kJ/mm as tested with a tensile axis perpendicular to the deposited wall’s height. More than 100% elongation-to-fracture was achieved when testing the samples obtained at 0.3 kJ/mm (as tested with a tensile axis coinciding with the wall’s height).

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Gradient transition zone structure in “steel–copper” sample produced by double wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing

Cited by 70 publications

References 42 publications

Experimental Characterization and Microstructural Evaluation of Silicon Bronze-Alloy Steel Bimetallic Structures by Additive Manufacturing

Experimental Characterization and Microstructural Evaluation of Silicon Bronze-Alloy Steel Bimetallic Structures by Additive Manufacturing

Sub-Microstructure of Surface and Subsurface Layers after Electrical Discharge Machining Structural Materials in Water

Heat Input Effect on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Additive Manufactured (EBAM) Cu-7.5wt.%Al Bronze

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