Gradient Relaxation of Steel Surface within the Zone of Hertzian Contact During Friction

The Moving Lines on Electron Spectra as Charge Reflexes on Non-equilibrium States of Nanostructured Surfaces

“…The correlation between dimensional distribution d ( h ) of nanograins within the surface layers, which was experimentally determined in [12], and ML intensity is illustrated in Fig. 6b.…”

“…Non-stable surface layers for various materials during their structure transformations may be sources of some interesting effects, especially at new grain boundaries [1–12]. One of the effects is the soliton-like “moving line” (ML) which appears on an electron-induced Auger spectrum simultaneously with well-known “stationary” spectral lines.…”

“…1b illustrate this conclusion too. The properties of these microzones were studied carefully in [12].

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“…Due to saturation of surface layers by zinc in microzone 2, the general formation mechanism for transitional non-stable carbides (Fig. 1b, spectrum 3) of M2X-like type was blocked and surface structures of the М6Х type were formed in diffusive under-surface layers [12]. And the phenomenon of ML took place in these layers.…”

“…1) versus ion sputtering duration t p and its linear extrapolation. b The correlations between ( 1 ) depth localization h of nanograins with diameter d [12], ( 2 ) extrapolative distribution d ( h ), and ( 3 ) the alteration of intensity I ml of the ML in the surface layers…”