“…(3) Uncontrollable dendrite growth . In Li, Na, and Zn metal batteries, uncontrolled growth of dendrites is inevitable in commercial carbonate electrolytes, which leads to poor cycling performance, low Coulombic efficiency (CE), and even piercing of the separator to cause safety issues. − HEEs can effectively reduce the formation of dendrites and form a more uniform and thin metallic deposition layer . (4) Narrow temperature range .…”