Gradient doping of phosphorus in Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoarray photoanodes for enhanced charge separation

Luo, Zhibin; Li, Chengcheng; Liu, Shanshan; Wang, Tuo; Gong, Jinlong

doi:10.1039/c6sc03707k

Cited by 232 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Coating of gradient structure FeO x (PO 4 ) y by diffusion process on α‐Fe 2 O 3 surface resulted in nearly 8.5 times enhancement in photocurrent density at 1.23 V RHE as reported by Zhang et al . Similar work was also reported by Luo et al . The incorporation of Fe 2 TiO 5 and P‐ treatment of α‐Fe 2 O 3 photoanode also significantly improved the PEC water oxidation performance .…”

Section: General Strategies To Improve the Photoelectrochemical Perfosupporting

confidence: 81%

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe₂O₃ Photoanode

2018

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The last few decades’ extensive research on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has projected it as a promising approach to meet the steadily growing demand for cleaner and renewable energy in a sustainable and economically viable fashion. Among many potential photocatalysts, hematite (α‐Fe2O3) emerges as a highly promising photoanode material with favorable characteristics including visible light absorption (a suitable band gap energy), earth abundance, chemical stability, and low cost. A pronounced disadvantage of α‐Fe2O3 is its low photovoltage together with an extremely short hole diffusion length and a low electrical conductivity, which limit its PEC water oxidation performance. To make α‐Fe2O3 as a viable photocatalyst for PEC water splitting, one needs to rectify these unfavorable characteristics of α‐Fe2O3 by elaborated multiple modifications. In this review article, we introduce various modification strategies of hematite with emphasis on surface modifications to achieve low onset potential as well as high photocurrent approaching the theoretical value for solar water splitting.

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Section: General Strategies To Improve the Photoelectrochemical Perfosupporting

confidence: 81%

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe₂O₃ Photoanode

2018

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“…In particular,S n 4 + ions are known to diffuse into the lattice of a-Fe 2 O 3 from the FTO glass substrate during the high temperature annealing processes. [52] To further increase the PEC performanceo fo ur a-Fe 2 O 3 photoanodes,t he highly efficient OER catalystZ n-Co LDH was synthesized and conformally deposited on the surfaceo fa-Fe 2 O 3 photoanodes by as imple one-pot microwaves ynthesis followed by immersion in aZ n-Co LDHs suspension.B riefly,a precursor solution containing zinc nitrate hexahydrate, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, and urea in deionized water and ethylene glycol were placed in am icrowave oven and treated for 4, 10, and 18 min with 30 so n/off intervals to yield ZnCo2,Z nCo5, and ZnCo9, respectively,asi llustrated in Figure S5. The XPS depthp rofile of H2 and H1 confirms the graduali ncreaseo ft he Sn 4 + concentration passing from the top to the bottom of the film thickness ( Figure S3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematite Photoanode with Complex Nanoarchitecture Providing Tunable Gradient Doping and Low Onset Potential for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

et al. 2018

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Over the past years, α-Fe O (hematite) has re-emerged as a promising photoanode material in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In spite of considerable success in obtaining relatively high solar conversion efficiency, the main drawbacks hindering practical application of hematite are its intrinsically hampered charge transport and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics on the photoelectrode surface. In the present work, we report a strategy that synergistically addresses both of these critical limitations. Our approach is based on three key features that are applied simultaneously: i) a careful nanostructuring of the hematite photoanode in the form of nanorods, ii) doping of hematite by Sn ions using a controlled gradient, and iii) surface decoration of hematite by a new class of layered double hydroxide (LDH) OER co-catalysts based on Zn-Co LDH. All three interconnected forms of functionalization result in an extraordinary cathodic shift of the photocurrent onset potential by more than 300 mV and a PEC performance that reaches a photocurrent density of 2.00 mA cm at 1.50 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode.

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“…The conversion of the measured potential with respect to Ag/AgCl reference electrode and the RHE could be referred to the following equation

E_{RHE} = E_{Ag/AgCl} + 0.059 pH + E_{Ag/AgCl}^{normalo}

where E RHE is the converted potential versus RHE, E Ag/AgCl is the applied potential versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and E o Ag/AgCl = 0.197 V (25 °C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Nickel Film Protected n‐Type Silicon Photoanode with High Photovoltage for Efficient and Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Luo

Liu

et al. 2019

Small Methods

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n‐type silicon (n‐Si) is a promising photoanode candidate for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, severe chemical corrosion, sluggish reaction kinetics as well as extremely low photovoltage are critical limitations hampering its PEC performance. This paper describes the introduction of a metallic nickel (Ni) thin film as a multifunctional layer that 1) forms a Schottky junction to extract a high photovoltage, 2) provides an electrocatalytic surface for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and 3) protects Si against corrosion. Upon introducing a high‐quality Al2O3 tunneling layer to optimize the Si/Ni interface and loading nickel oxide hydroxide to further accelerate the OER, this metal–insulator–semiconductor junction photoanode achieves a record high photovoltage of 640 mV and energy conversion efficiency of 3% in n‐Si based photoanodes without np or np+ buried homojunction, yielding an air mass 1.5G photocurrent density of ≈28 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) for oxygen evolution in alkaline solution with a stability of more than 80 h.

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Gradient doping of phosphorus in Fe₂O₃ nanoarray photoanodes for enhanced charge separation

Abstract: Highly-oriented Fe2O3 nanoarrays with a gradient phosphorus concentration result in enhanced charge separation in the bulk for photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Cited by 232 publications

References 30 publications

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe₂O₃ Photoanode

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe₂O₃ Photoanode

Hematite Photoanode with Complex Nanoarchitecture Providing Tunable Gradient Doping and Low Onset Potential for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Multifunctional Nickel Film Protected n‐Type Silicon Photoanode with High Photovoltage for Efficient and Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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Gradient doping of phosphorus in Fe2O3 nanoarray photoanodes for enhanced charge separation

Abstract: Highly-oriented Fe2O3 nanoarrays with a gradient phosphorus concentration result in enhanced charge separation in the bulk for photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Cited by 232 publications

References 30 publications

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe2O3 Photoanode

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe2O3 Photoanode

Hematite Photoanode with Complex Nanoarchitecture Providing Tunable Gradient Doping and Low Onset Potential for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Multifunctional Nickel Film Protected n‐Type Silicon Photoanode with High Photovoltage for Efficient and Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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Gradient doping of phosphorus in Fe₂O₃ nanoarray photoanodes for enhanced charge separation

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe₂O₃ Photoanode

Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe₂O₃ Photoanode