Gradient coil design using Bi-2223 high temperature superconducting tape for magnetic resonance imaging

Yuan, Jing; Shen, Gary X.

doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2006.05.014

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…1), leading to energy losses and heating due to high resistance [4]. have been proposed for MRI [5], but have been limited due to interconnection problems between the layers. In practice, foil configurations do not have the flexibility required for complex coil configurations, and as a result, MRI foil-based components have been limited to two layers [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Goodbye wires and formers: 3-D additive manufacturing and fractal cooling applied to construction of MRI gradient coils

Urdaneta

Probst

Stepanov

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

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The high p ulse frequencies em p loyed in MRI gradient and RF coils call for the use of dedicated construction techniques involving s p ecial wires and cooling systems. These requirements are needed because conventional (e.g., solid-core) wires exhibit skin effects at frequencies above 10 kHz, which effectively concentrate all the current in the p eri p hery of the wire, leading to heating losses due to high resistance.To mitigate the resistance p roblem due to skin-de p th, many gradient coils (and some RF coils) em p loy cords of twisted and/or woven thin insulated wires (e.g., Litz wires) that force currents to traverse the entire wire cross-section. Litz wires are hard to configure into the complex designs required for gradient coils, due to a minimum turning radius of several millimeters and the asymmetric bending forces required for winding the wires onto formers. Another challenge in MRI gradient coil manufacturing is the ability to cool RF and gradient coils, especially at high p ulse rates. Our a pp roach to this p roblem has been to re p lace traditional wire-coil construction methodology with multi-layer additive manufacturing methods, which lend themselves to design and manufacture automation. Additive manufacturing can enable dramatic (i.e., nearly three-fold) improvement in cooling efficiency, through the use of bio-mimetic fractal approaches. Building gradient and/or RF coils layer by layer, we have added conductive, insulating and cooling elements with a pp ro p riate interconnects as necessary. A p rototy p e multi-layer Litz wire structure was develo p ed, with fractal cooling, which showed su p erior p erformance (in terms of 80% reduced resistive losses at high frequency) to the com p arable non-Litz wire configuration.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Goodbye wires and formers: 3-D additive manufacturing and fractal cooling applied to construction of MRI gradient coils

Urdaneta

Probst

Stepanov

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

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Microstructural imaging of the human brain with a ‘super-scanner’: 10 key advantages of ultra-strong gradients for diffusion MRI

et al. 2018

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The key component of a microstructural diffusion MRI 'super-scanner' is a dedicated high-strength gradient system that enables stronger diffusion weightings per unit time compared to conventional gradient designs. This can, in turn, drastically shorten the time needed for diffusion encoding, increase the signal-to-noise ratio, and facilitate measurements at shorter diffusion times. This review, written from the perspective of the UK National Facility for In Vivo MR Imaging of Human Tissue Microstructure, an initiative to establish a shared 300 mT/m-gradient facility amongst the microstructural imaging community, describes ten advantages of ultra-strong gradients for microstructural imaging. Specifically, we will discuss how the increase of the accessible measurement space compared to a lower-gradient systems (in terms of Δ, b-value, and TE) can accelerate developments in the areas of 1) axon diameter distribution mapping; 2) microstructural parameter estimation; 3) mapping micro-vs macroscopic anisotropy features with gradient waveforms beyond a single pair of pulsed-gradients; 4) multi-contrast experiments, e.g. diffusion-relaxometry; 5) tractography and high-resolution imaging in vivo and 6) post mortem; 7) diffusion-weighted spectroscopy of metabolites other than water; 8) tumour characterisation; 9) functional diffusion MRI; and 10) quality enhancement of images acquired on lower-gradient systems. We finally discuss practical barriers in the use of ultra-strong gradients, and provide an outlook on the next generation of 'super-scanners'.

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The Dependence of Transport AC Loss on Temperature and DC Parallel Magnetic Field in an Eight-Strand YBCO Roebel Cable

Jiang

Long

Staines

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Gradient coil design using Bi-2223 high temperature superconducting tape for magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Goodbye wires and formers: 3-D additive manufacturing and fractal cooling applied to construction of MRI gradient coils

Goodbye wires and formers: 3-D additive manufacturing and fractal cooling applied to construction of MRI gradient coils

Microstructural imaging of the human brain with a ‘super-scanner’: 10 key advantages of ultra-strong gradients for diffusion MRI

The Dependence of Transport AC Loss on Temperature and DC Parallel Magnetic Field in an Eight-Strand YBCO Roebel Cable

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